單一選區兩票制對未來臺灣政黨政治發展之可能影響探討

A Discussion of the Potential Influences of a Mixed-Member Electoral System on Taiwanese Partisan Politics

盛治仁(Emile C. J. Sheng)

《臺灣民主季刊》 3卷2期 (2006/06) Pp. 63-85

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.200606.0063

摘要

臺灣在2005年的修憲案中，確立了未來立法委員的選舉制度改為單一選區兩票制，並將席次減半的變革。本文嘗試從政黨體系、政治版圖、國會生態、政黨組織、選票與議席的比例程度、政黨實力消長，以及新選制在消除SNTV制度的負面影響等面向上，探討新制度對未來臺灣政治運作可能造成的影響。作者認為新選制可能會降低民意的代表性、產生萬年立委、並深化北藍南綠的既有政治結構，應該思考從不分區立委的提名及任期限制等面向著手，降低新制度的負面衝擊。作者希望本文的討論可收拋磚引玉之效，讓學界思辨新制度潛在的正負面影響，提出配套改革措施以收防微杜漸之效。

關鍵字

單一選區兩票制 ； 席次減半 ； 選制改革 ； 政黨版圖 ； 任期限制

並列摘要

In a constitutional amendment in 2005, Taiwan changed its legislative electoral system to a single-member district, dual ballot system and reduced the number of legislative seats. This article discusses the possible influence of these changes on future Taiwanese politics from the following perspectives: the party system, political landscape, legislative system, party organization, proportion of votes to seats, party strength, and effectiveness in eliminating past problems of the original SNTV electoral system. The author thinks that the new electoral system could reduce representation of public opinion, produce long-term incumbents, and enhance the current regional dominance of the KMT in the north and the DPP in the south. The author also makes recommendations to correct these potential problems, which would arise from the nomination of legislators at large, and to consider the possibility of implementing term limits. The author hopes this article will raise further deliberation amongst scholars to collectively propose institutions to correct or prevent these potentially negative effects.

並列關鍵字

single-member district dual ballot system ； mixed-member electoral system ； seats reduction in half ； electoral rule chance ； political landscape ； term limit

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