歷史故事記誦的啟蒙探析－以《龍文鞭影》為例

Discuss the Enlightenment from Reciting History Narrative - Take ＂Long Wen Bian Ying＂ As an Example

林美惠(Mei-Hui Lin)

《明新學報》 44卷1期 (2020/12) Pp. 171-184

摘要

《龍文鞭影》是部集結歷史人物事蹟的蒙書，而其內容蘊含的典故涵蓋有經、史、子、集四部之書，故事更有自然、歷史、倫理、社會等多元題材。由於該書內容龐雜，造成親和力的減弱（難以全書記誦），加上時代的進化，故將內容進行篩選。本研究將對本書作一故事題材分析，即本書的故事意涵經由孩童聆聽吸收後，將書本中的經典字句，形成個體的基模，此等內部（記憶）語言的基模，將於個體青少年或成長後，逐漸型塑出環境適應的社會性格和解決問題的學習技巧。本書經孩童再三口誦心維之際，將由知識的開端進而架構文化觀，也由道德的認知進而培養倫理觀。孩童閱讀本書的過程，就是藉由古人的智慧，提供將來對文化認識、思維模式及行事準則的參考，更是陶冶品性、型塑人格與增廣知識的教材，正是透過本研究的論述，重新定位傳統蒙書的現代價值。

關鍵字

蒙書 ； 典故 ； 道德認知 ； 基模

並列摘要

＂Long Wen Bian Ying＂ is a textbook for ignorant people during the Wan-Li emperor in the Ming Dynasty. This textbook is used to promote the children's literacy ability and poetry composition. The constituent structure of the textbook is four words to form a sentence, and two sentences to form a couplet which is a formation in rhyme. The allusion collects historical notables monuments which is included The Four Books. The subject-matter area is multiple with science(difficult to recite), history, ethics, and social study, etc. The content is multifarious and disorderly that it is not friendly enough for the readers. Moreover, it is because of the evolution of the era that the researcher sifts out the suitable content of the textbook. This study analyzed the subject matters of the textbook. It briefly divided the story category into two fields - Knowledge Enlightenment and Ethics Cognition. The researcher examines the story enlightenment through the aspect of cognitive psychology. It means that students listen to the story, absorb the implication of the story, then make those words and expression become their schema. This kind of inner language schema will gradually evolve into the social personality of adapting environment and the learning skills of problem solving.

並列關鍵字

knowledge enlightenment ； allusion ； ethics cognition ； schema

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