Non-Disposal ＂Ka＂ in Taiwan Southern Min

台灣閩南語的ka字除了引導受事者外，尚可引導標的、來源、受惠者、受害者論旨。受事者、標的、來源ka字句的ka名詞組與動後受詞語意相關。另外，與受事者ka字句相較之下，標的、來源ka字句通常除主詞外，動詞尚需二論元。而受患者／受害者ka字句與其他ka字句不同處在於，受患者／受害者論元常為非必要論元。本文討論的對象為非表處置意的ka字句。本文採用Lin（2010）就處置意ka字句所提出的分析法來解釋標的／來源ka字句的結構。另外，受惠與受害ka字句語意相闕，並且有相同的結構。這四類非表處置意的ka字句中，兩類（標的、來源）跟表處置意ka字句有相同的結構，而受惠者／受害者ka字句則有其獨有的結構。

關鍵字

台灣閩南語； ka字句；受事者；標的；來源；受惠者；受害者

並列摘要

In addition to denoting disposal, ka in Taiwan Southern Min has other functions such as introducing goal, source, benefactive, and adversative. Like the disposal ka-construction, the ka NP in goal/source ka constructions is semantically related to the postverbal object. Compared with the disposal ka-construction, goal/source ka-constructions sometimes require one more postverbal argument. As for benefactive/adversative ka-constructions, they differ from the other ka-constructions in that the benefactive/adversative argument is often optional. This paper discusses the non-disposal ka constructions, and it argues that Lin's (2010) account of the disposal ka-construction can be applied to account for goal/source ka-constructions. The benefactive ka-construction and the adversative ka-construction are semantically related, and they also have the same structure. To sum up, among the four types of non-disposal ka construction, two of them (goal and source) are argued to have the same structure as that for a disposal ka-construction, and the benefactive/adversative ka-constructions have their own distinctive structure.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan Southern Min ； ka-construction ； patient ； goal ； source ； benefactive ； adversative

參考文獻

Chappell, Hilary(2000).Dialect grammar in two early modern Southern Min texts: A comparative study of dative kît 乞, comitative cɑ̂ ng 共 and diminutive-guìa 仔.Journal of Chinese Linguistics.28,247-302.