當代國際健康識能發展趨勢

Current Trends in the International Health Literacy Development

趙康邑(Kang-I Chao) ； 朱昭美(Chao-Mei Chu) ； 黃勝堅(Sheng-Jean Huang) ； 翁林仲(Lin-Chung Woung) ； 李光申(Oscar K Lee) ； 璩大成(Da-Chen Chu) ； 劉嘉仁(Chia-Jen Liu) ； 黃遵誠(Tsun-Cheng Huang)

《北市醫學雜誌》 15卷附冊 (2018/06) Pp. 78-87

https://doi.org/10.6200/TCMJ.201806_15(SP).0009

摘要

「健康識能」首先在20世紀70年代被提出，之後在1980年至1990年之間於美國衛生醫療界開始盛行，並於21世紀後開始更加受到包含了醫療、公衛、以及教育界等的重視。在健康識能的定位上，世界衛生組織(WHO)將其定義為以個人為單位在進行健康促進相關行動之時，其所擁有的健康知識以及將此知識赴諸於行動的能力。部分民眾甚至是醫療相關人員常將健康識能與衛教宣導畫上等號，然而這卻是不正確的一大迷思。健康識能所強調之處在於賦能，透過健康識能的提升，賦予其對像變得更健康之能力。故，舉凡和健康資訊有關之訊息，不論食衣住行育樂，皆屬於健康識能之範圍。而在推廣上則是包含慾望、知識、以及能力等三大要點。用溝通激起個人想要更健康的慾望，並賦予其知識，再做出執行之動作。現今健康識能之世界趨勢是與教育的結合，若要落實全民健康識能，需要將健康醫療與教育體系結合，運用涵蓋健康相關之教材，透過健康與醫療專業人員之傳授，方可較為精確的提升民眾之健康識能程度，並達成雙向健康識能提升之雙贏成果。

關鍵字

健康識能 ； 健康素養 ； 醫療溝通 ； 教育 ； 衛教宣導

並列摘要

Health literacy was first proposed in the 1970s and became popular in the U.S. between the 1980s and 1990s. Moreover, it has been highly valued after the 21^(st) century in medicine, public health, and education domains. According to the WHO, health literacy stands for health related knowledge possessed by an individual and his/her ability to understand or gain access of such information to promote and maintain health. Many people, including medical professionals, often have misunderstood the definition of health literacy which is not equal to health education. Health literacy is about empowerment; it increases people's literacy ability in health, so that they can have the capability to become healthier. Thus, every information that is health-related in people’s daily lives, are within the boundary of health literacy. The three key components for promoting health literacy are desire, knowledge, and ability; the desire to become healthier is raised through communication, the knowledge of health is provided, and actions are implemented. The global trend in the promotion of health literacy is through education. Only through the education provided by health and medical professionals using health education materials the status of health literacy of the public can be raised preciously, and a two-way double-win health literacy improvement are to be gained.

並列關鍵字

health literacy ； health communication ； education ； health education