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摘要

稻是世界上最重要的作物之一，供應世界上約一半人口的主食。估計全世界人口將在2050年達到100億，對農業研究人們而言，我們急需快速育成高產、耐病蟲害、耐逆境的新品種，此外，對環境例如肥料、灌溉的需求不要太嚴苛。面對嚴峻的挑戰，我們挑選了山地陸稻、世界不同區域的地方品種以及一些現代品種，建立了包含約500個不同品種或品系的基因體資源庫，其中採樣自台灣的參試系超過一半。此批高厚度的基因體序列資料將全數提供研究者，並且所有參試系的種子將貯存於國家種原庫，未來可提供申請。此外，我們亦進行了淹水、乾旱、ABA等處理，共計7種耐性測試，搭配利用稉稻與秈稻分別進行全基因體關聯性分析，找出各性狀的相關染色體位置、機率，以及目標區域所涵蓋之基因。在本論文，將以兩個性狀為例，藉由探勘其中兩個顯著高點，找到具備相關多型性的品系。育種家可接手利用相關材料資訊，進行分子標誌育種，加速獲得具備耐性及其他農藝優良性狀的嶄新品種。此資源提供台灣水稻功能性基因體研究及育種資訊背景的平台，以利未來稻作的基礎研究及應用。

關鍵字

台灣山地陸稻 ； 地方品系 ； 全基因體定序 ； 基因體歧異度分析 ； 基因體與形態體資源庫 ； 全基因體關聯性分析

並列摘要

Rice is the staple food for half the world population and contributes about 20% of human dietary calories. As the global population is expected to be ten billion in 2050, breeders urgently need to develop new cultivars with higher yields, healthier grains and reduced environmental footprints. Because the landraces are adapted to different biogeographical ranges and tolerate many kinds of stresses, they constitute important genetic reservoir for crop improvement. To overcome the severe challenge, we established a resource with about 500 accessions of selected upland rice and landraces from Taiwan and Asia, along with some modern varieties. The upland rice accessions collected from Taiwan aboriginal villages were specifically included, with japonica and indica rice accessions each occupying about half. A total of near 300 accessions were collected from Taiwan. The genomics database with an average of 12x redundancy whole genome sequencing information was prepared, and the seeds were stored in the national seedstock center in Taichung. We also performed flooding, drought and ABA treatments and estimated the resistance levels against each stress. With the genomics and phenomics information, genome-wide association studies were carried out. We found candidate gene regions and suggested many target genes were related to stress tolerance. Using 2 examples, we found accessions containing the mutations that could lead to the resistance. With the chromosome position and accession information, breeders may perform marker assistant selection and generate new varieties quickly. This genomics and phenomics resource is expected to be very useful for future research and breeding platforms in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Aboriginal upland rice accessions in Taiwan ； Landraces ； Whole genome sequencing ； Genome diversity ； Database for genome and phenome resources ； GWAS

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