華語隱性賓語的理解與限制

Interpretations and Constraints of Implicit Objects in Chinese

張群(Chun Chang) ； 連金發(Chin-Fa Lien)

《華語文教學研究》 6卷1期 (2009/06) Pp. 39-58

https://doi.org/10.6393/JCLT.200906.0039

摘要

華語及物動詞的賓語在某種情況下會隱而不顯。在共同的認知與背景知識前提下(Fillmore & Atkins 1992)，說話者與聽話者可用兩種認知機置，即語意的「可預測性」(predictability)與「可恢復性」(recoverability)，來理解句法表層上隱去的賓語。大體而言有三類情況可以促成隱性賓語：世界知識（認知背景）、訊息結構（涉及訊息焦點）和構式效應（語意塑造）。本文根據「構式語法」(Construction Grammar)的理論模式(Goldberg 1995; Jackendoff 2002)，同時考慮動詞詞彙語意的特性(Goldberg 2005; Mittwoch 2005)，針對華語隱性賓語和各種構式的關係，探究其語意理解與限制。

關鍵字

隱性論元 ； 華語 ； 世界知識 ； 訊息結構 ； 構式效應 ； 動詞屬性

並列摘要

Issues regarding interpretations and constraints of implicit objects in Chinese furnish intriguing topics for in-depth probe. On the premise of sharing the same cognitive and background knowledge (Fillmore & Atkins 1992), speakers and hearers can construe missing arguments in overt syntactic levels in terms of two cognitive mechanisms, viz., semantic predictability and recoverability. The distribution of implicit objects can be interpreted on the basis of three conditions: (a) world knowledge (e.g., cognitive frame), (b) information structure (e.g., information focus), and (c) construction effect (e.g., semantic coercion). Based on the theoretical proposals of Construction Grammar (Goldberg 1995; Jackendoff 2002) and verbal property (Goldberg 2005; Mittwoch 2005), this study explores the semantic interpretations and constraints of implicit objects in conjunction with kinds of constructions.

並列關鍵字

implicit object ； Chinese ； world knowledge ； information structure ； construction effect ； verbal properties

參考文獻

Culicover, Peter W.(1999).Syntactic Nuts: Hard Cases, Syntactic Theory, and Language Acquisition.Oxford:Oxford University Press.

Cheng, Robert Liang-Wei.(1985).A Comparison of Taiwanese, Taiwan Mandarin, and Peking Mandarin.Language.61(2),352-377.

Fillmore. Charles J.(1986).Pragmatically controlled Zero Anaphora.Proceedings of the 12nd Berkeley Linguistics Society.12,95-107.

Fillmore, Charles. J.,B. T. S. Atkins.,A. Lehrer (ed.),E. Kittay.(1992).Frames, Fields, and Contrasts.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Goldberg, Adele E.(1995).Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure.Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.