死亡與再生之契機：末期癌症病人之研究

Death and the Possibilities of Rebirth: The Study of Terminal Cancer Patients.

林淑鈴

《生死學研究》 2期 (2005/06) Pp. 45-106

https://doi.org/10.29844/JLDS.200506.0002

摘要

本文主要分析癌末病人、家屬、醫事人員等演員如何透過敘說、論述與文化展演，型塑喪葬儀式與追憶亡者等文本。隨著死亡逐日逼近，演員與事之醫療場域及其醫療意識型態、知識、信仰、信念與力量，以及日常生活世界及其文化傳統、社會建制與價值信念，將與演員、演出過程中操練的事物共同經歷再生之契機。本文視演出過程如同社會劇，演員、演出、舞台與場景將統合為完整的文化系統，演員以高雄地區杏林醫院癌症病房與傳道醫院安寧病房為舞台，在此癌末病人、家屬與醫事人員遭逢，他們將共同演出並共構日常生活世界與醫療場域等場景。經由演員之演出，場景、舞台、演員將與演出重組為不同於先前樣貌之真實，但場景、舞台、演員與演出間有終極不變的核心。研究結果得知癌末病人的生理性死亡逐漸成為社會實體；肉體死亡並未結束一切；經由喪葬儀式與追憶亡者，病人與家屬經歷二度儀式性轉化的機會，並學習扮演適切的社會角色；演員在演出場景指引下，將追尋並獲致生理性死亡、生理性生命、社會性死亡或社會性生命等多種可能性。

關鍵字

死亡 ； 再生 ； 喪葬儀式 ； 追憶亡者 ； 文本

並列摘要

This article aims to describe how actors (terminal cancer patients, their families and medical staffs) on different stage (the cancer ward of Sin-un hospital and the hospice ward of Tsuan-dou hospital) could recreate themselves, their performance, its playing stage and setting when death is coming soon. There are two kinds of text, ”funeral and burial rites” and ”memory of the dead.” Actor's narration, discourse and cultural performance compose the text. Everyday life world and its constitutions (cultural tradition, social institutions and value-belief) and medical field and its constitutions (medical ideology, knowledge, belief and power) are acting setting.
Theoretic assumption is based on that social drama performed on different stage follows specific setting's guidelines. Cultural system as a whole incorporated by social drama forged by actors, performance, stage and setting can't be changed by actors' performance on different stage and setting. After that performing process, actor's identity, the performance, the playing stage and setting is not same with there before.
Research findings are as follows. Physical death of terminal cancer patients is becoming social reality. Death is not equal with living ending. Death information shocks patients and families; they resist against death, then reproduce themselves, related persons and things. Through ”funeral and burial rites” and ”memory of the dead,” patients and families pass through ritual transformation twice. Then they learn to play suitable social roles. Their possible lifestyles include physical death, physical life, social death and social life when they acting on different stage in specific setting.

並列關鍵字

death ； rebirth ； funeral and burial rites ； memory of the dead ； text