論印順法師「法住智」與「涅槃智」之多種詮釋及其一貫理路

《須深經》中記載佛陀教導外道須深何謂「慧解脫」，其中多次提到：「不問汝知不知，且自先知法住，後知涅槃」，使後世對「先知法住，後知涅槃」有諸多的論述和解釋。而本文即是探討印順法師對於「先知法住，後知涅槃」（或者「法住智」及「涅槃智」）的解說，大致分下列五個面向來探討：一、依四諦之緣起流轉與還滅說明二智；二、依中觀義解釋法住智和涅槃智；三、依聞思與修證分述二智；四、法住智與涅槃智分指兩種阿羅漢；五、依一念見諦與次第見諦來談論二智。經過層層分析，可推出印順法師所解讀的「先知法住，後知涅槃」有多重之意義（主要有兩層意涵）；最後本文試圖統整這些說法，並綜合檢視印順法師對「法住智」與「涅槃智」之詮釋。

關鍵字

印順；法住智；涅槃智；四聖諦；中觀；二諦；慧解脫

並列摘要

In Susima Sutta Buddha teaches Susima what pannavimutta is, and mentions ”Pubbe kho, susima, dhammatthitinanam, pacchā nibbane inanam” many times. So this proposition has left the future generations many elaborations. This article discusses Ven. YinShun's interpretations of it from five approaches. First, Ven. YinShun's uses the Four Noble Truths to explain these two wisdoms. Second, he uses the explanations from Madhyamika's thought. Third, he interprets them from the theoretical and practical aspects. Fourth, the two wisdoms refer to two different kinds of Arhants. Fifth, the two wisdoms are relevant to the distinction of sudden and step-by-step enlightenment. From this analysis, we can know that there are several possible meanings of dhammatthitinānam and nibbāne inānam. At last, I try to integrate these sayings and evaluate his interpretations.