《維摩詰經》之《方便品》與人間佛教思想

善巧方便雖是承自原始佛教的一個概念，不過到了初期大乘佛教思想運動中，圍繞這個概念展開的有關思想成為了具有極端重要意義的思想，成為了大乘菩薩思想中不可分割的重要組成成份。本文簡略地考察了以善巧方便思想作為主題的經典，並以《維摩詰經》第二品為例，對維摩詰菩薩基於善巧方便智的菩薩學行的內涵及所涉及的方面進行了新的考察，我們對《維摩詰經》善巧方便智的特徵、功能做了新的闡釋，重點是指出此經典中善巧方便智與般若慧二者之間乃是一體二面、一體二用之關係，所以那種把基於善巧方便智的菩薩人間思想實踐解釋為「肯定現實」的闡釋方法對於此思想之本質不免有所委屈。最後，本文提出在善巧方便智思想之地基上構建人間佛教理論的一種擬議。

關鍵字

善巧方便；《維摩詰經》；人間佛教

並列摘要

Although Upāyakauśalya (or Upāyakauśalyajñāna) is a concept originating from Primitive Buddhism, thoughts surrounding this concept has become very important and overwhelming in the first stage of intellectual movements of Mahāyāna Buddhism, and has gradually become a decisive ingredient of the thought of Mahāyāna Buddhism. At the beginning, this article makes a brief review of the texts which centered on the thought of Upāyakauśalya, and then I try to illustrate the spectrums which, included in second chapter of Vimalakirtinirdeśa Sūtra, relate to Upāyakauśalya as well as those miracle act and behavior of Vimalakirti Bodhisattva, a center role in that text. My essential purpose is to show the special character and function of this kind of Upāyakauśalyajñāna, by pointing out that Upāyakauśalya and prajñā is the same one thing with different face and same one substance with different function. Therefore, it carries with a special transcendental character in itself and so that the current apprehension telling us Vimalakirti Sūtra is a kind of text which concerned with human being's real life is not accurate. At last, however, the author intends to outline the idea of Humanism Buddhism founding on the base of Upāyakauśalyajñāna.