論張居正的禪學思想及其佛教政策的意義

Study on Zhang Ju-zheng's Chan Thought and the Meaning of His Buddhism Policy

傅秋濤(Qiu-Tao Fu)

《玄奘佛學研究》 19期 (2013/03) Pp. 179-212

摘要

張居正對中國傳統的佛、儒、道等思想都有深刻的瞭解，精闢的論述，而禪學在其思想構成中尤其重要。張居正禪學思想的形成受到家庭、地域和時代文化環境的多方面影響，而通過心學的影響尤其明顯。禪學思想深刻地影響了張居正的政治人格，使他獲得對政治進行反思的能力，同時，成為他突破當時占統治地位的儒教意識形態，推動政治改革的一個重要思想資源。最後，本文分析張居正的宗教政策，表明一個對宗教有充分理解的政治家對宗教在政治領域的影響所能容忍的邊界。張居正的現象，可以說是佛學影響人類政治生活的一個典例。

關鍵字

張居正 ； 政治生活 ； 禪學 ； 南嶽 ； 華嚴經 ； 佛教政策

並列摘要

Zhang Ju-zheng had a profound understanding and accurate exposition of Chinese Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism; moreover, Chan formed an important part of his thought. Zhang Ju-zheng's Chan ideology received influences from his family and was conditioned in the historical, cultural and social contexts, especially under the impact of Wang Yang-ming's School of Mind. Chan deeply affected Zhang Ju-zheng's political personality and ability of reflection. Chan provided him an important ideological resource for resisting dominant Confucian ideology and to promote political reform. This paper concludes by an analysis of Zhang Ju-zheng's Buddhism policy, examining his political ideal of religious tolerance as a politician with full understanding of religion. The phenomenon of Zhang Ju-zheng provides an example of how Buddhism influences human political life, which is a model of Humanistic Buddhism in ancient time.

並列關鍵字

Zhang Ju-zheng ； political life ； Chan thought ； Nanyue ； Avataṃsaka Sūtra ； Buddhism policy

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