自我效能理論之分析與應用

The Analysis and Application of Self-Efficacy Theory

李尹暘(Yin-Yang Lee) ； 林曉佩(Hsiao-Pei Lin) ； 林君怡(Jyun-Yi Lin)

《澄清醫護管理雜誌》 3卷2期 (2007/04) Pp. 46-52

https://doi.org/10.30156/CCMJ.200704.0005

摘要

美國著名的心裡學家Bandura在七○年代基於個人、環境、行爲的彼此交互作用的概況，提出解釋人類行爲的社會認知理論(Social Cognitive Theory)。而自我效能(self-efficacy)則是其中一個最重要影響人類行爲的構念。近年來，自我效能理論被成功地應用在醫療、健康行爲、教育、人力資源等領域上，而其中討論最多的，即是該理論於健康照護上的應用。本文針對近年來國內外對於自我效能與行爲科學的研究收集其相關論文，對概念模式與最新發展做一分析與介紹；並綜合自我效能的預測因素與國外實證結果，提出該理論應用於自我照護行爲上可行的方向。

關鍵字

自我效能 ； 自我照護行為

並列摘要

As disease patterns have shifted towards a high prevalence of chronic diseases in these years, the quality of health is heavily influenced by lifestyle habits and self care management. Patients’ inadequate compliance is a pervasive and serious problem. It worsens health conditions and raises medical costs. By promoting their health behavior, patients can live longer and healthier and contain health costs. Although the health care system has persistently emphasized patients' health education, the increased knowledge of patients may not represent the better compliance. Over past three decades, self-efficacy perspectives have been successively applied in health fields. The conceptual model posits a multifaceted causal structure in which self-efficacy beliefs operate together with outcome expectations and goals in the regulation of human motivation, behavior, and well-being. In many existing studies, self-efficacy and outcome expectations are recognized as strongest predictors of health behavior change. Meanwhile, research of interventions incorporating the four specific efficacy-enhancing techniques of facilitating personal mastery, vicarious experiences, identifying distress and providing verbal persuasion have demonstrated lower levels of health care consumption and improved psychosocial adjustment to a new health status. These concepts provide scientific evidence base for health promotion strategies. In this paper, we review the related literature and conceptual framework. Finally, concrete self-managed interventions of chronic diseases based on the predictors of self-efficacy perspectives are suggested.

並列關鍵字

Self-efficacy ； self-care behavior