從精神性探索的角度看葛羅托斯基未完成的「藝乘」大業：覺性如何圓滿？

How Can Total Awareness Be Achieved? -Examinating the Incomplete "Art as Vehicle" Project of Jerzy Grotowski from the Perspective of Spiritual Research

鍾明德(Minder Chung)

《戲劇學刊》 17期 (2013/01) Pp. 125-146

摘要

雖然早在1970年前後，葛羅托斯基（1933-99）即已自劇場出走，捩下了「劇場和觀眾已經死了」的狠話，可是，很多劇場人還是一直把他視為「劇場的救星」，對他的後劇場實驗創新如「類劇場」（1970-78）、「溯源劇場」（1976-82）和「藝乘」（1986-99）投以密切的注意和期許。戲劇學者專家也都一直從劇場藝術創新的角度來檢視葛氏一生的志業。本論文首先嘗試主要從精神性探索的取徑來重新檢視葛氏的研究方法、理念和成果，從而論證出以下三個結論：一、葛氏一生的創作、研究都是精神性的。二、「覺性圓滿」是葛氏一生精神探索工作的終極目標。三、「身體行動方法」則是他獨特的修行方法。從「覺性圓滿」的終極目標來說，葛氏攻頂的「藝乘」大業雖然仍未完成，但本論文作者藉由隆坡通禪師所傳授的「正念動中禪」的實踐，發現不僅葛氏念茲在茲的終極目標可以達成，而且，其「身體行動方法」事實上是不偏離正道的。

關鍵字

葛羅托斯基 ； 藝乘 ； 覺性 ； 現代劇場 ； 正念動中禪

並列摘要

In 1970, to the shock of his followers, the trail-blazing theatre director Jerzy Grotowski (1933-99) bid farewell to theatre. He was acclaimed by many Western theatre practitioners as the savior of contemporary theatre, but to him words such as ”theatre” and ”audience” were long dead. Although he stopped directing theatre works since this period, the theatre world continued to pay close attention to his post-theatre explorations such as ”Paratheatre” (1970-78), ”Theatre of Sources” (1976-82) and ”Art as vehicle” (1986-99). When discussing or writing about Grotowski, theatre scholars and artists, as a rule, look to him as a theatre professional even though this might not have been the reality. I will attempt in this paper to examine Grotowski's works mainly from the perspective of ”spiritual research,” the approach he had taken since he was a child but had refused to acknowledge in most of his public discourses. The following three conclusions are argued and substantiated: 1) all of Grotwski's research is essentially spiritual; 2) the ultimate goal of his research is no less than total release (moksha), which, in my own working terms, is best expressed as ”total awareness”; 3) the Method of Physical Action is adopted and modified by him through all phases of his spiritual research. Although the ”Art as vehicle” was never completed, the author of this paper, with the help of the Vipassana method as transmitted by Lungpor Thong, has discovered both the goal and the methodology Grotowski proposed for his final project enlightening and feasible.

並列關鍵字

Jerzy Grotowski ； Art as vehicle ； modern theatre ； Sammasati ； Awareness with Movement

參考文獻

鍾明德(2010)。從「動即靜」的源頭出發回去：一個受葛羅托斯基啟發的「藝乘」研究。長庚人文社會學報。3(1)，71-112。

鍾明德(2012)。這是種出神的技術︰史坦尼斯拉夫斯基和葛羅托斯基的演員訓練之被遺忘的核心。戲劇學刊。16，119-52。

正念動中禪學會 。2012。01. 動中禪原理解說 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enXFvp3VoBY&feature=relmfu

正念動中禪學會 。2012。02. 手部動作要領 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FffEk6TzSv4&feature=relmfu

正念動中禪學會 。2012。04. 經行示範 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7AQvOOlbTo&feature=relmfu