社區獨居老人健康狀況與長期照護需求研究

Health Status and Long-Term Care Needs of Elderly in the Community Who Live Alone

楊惠如(Hui-Ju Yang) ； 呂桂雲(Kuei-Yun Lu) ； 陳宇嘉(Yu-Chia Chen) ； 張永源(Yong-Yuan Chang)

《實證護理》 2卷3期 (2006/09) Pp. 229-240

https://doi.org/10.6225/JEBN.2.3.229

摘要

本研究目的在探討社區獨居老人健康狀況與長期照護需求之現況及之間的關係。採橫斷式面對面問卷調查法，以屏東縣社會局登記之獨居老人為母群體，分層隨機抽樣200位獨居老人，研究結果發現：(1)有4.38%在日常生活活動方面、15.58%在工具性日常生活活動方面、1.92%在認知與情緒監控方面的獨居老人，其長期照護需求在4級以上。(2)整體長期照護需求因性別、婚姻狀況、教育程度、族群及居住地不同而呈顯著差異。(3)影響獨居老人整體長期照護需求的顯著預測因子依序為自覺健康狀況、年齡及族群，此三個變項可解釋全部變異量的25.2%，即自覺健康狀況越差、年齡越大及原住民者其整體長期照護的需求越大。本研究結果可提供社區獨居老人長期照護衛生政策及計畫之參考。

關鍵字

老人 ； 獨居 ； 健康狀況 ； 長期照護需求 ； 社區健康

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between demographic variables, health status, and long-term care needs of the elderly who live alone. A cross-sectional design (face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires) was used for data collection. Our study sample, selected by cluster random sampling, included two hundred elderly currently living alone in the Pingtung area. Study results were as follows: (1) subjects with long-term care needs (at least level 4) totaled 4.38% in the activity of daily living (ADL) scale, 15.58% in instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) scale, and 1.92% in cognition and meta-emotion (C&E); (2) total long-term care needs were associated significantly with gender, marital status, educational level, ethnicity and location; and (3) perceived health status, age, and ethnicity were the significant predictors of long-term care needs; explaining 25.2% of the total variance. As the elderly age, they perceive their health status as worsening. Taiwan's indigenous peoples had greater long-term health care needs than did other ethnic groups. Study findings may serve as a reference for healthcare service policymakers with regard to policies affecting the elderly who live alone.

並列關鍵字

elderly ； living alone ； health status ； long-term care needs ； community health