The Prediction of Regular Exercise Intention and Behavior among Elementary School Teachers-A Test the Theory of Planned Behavior

以計畫行為理論預測國小教師健身運動行為之研究

季力康(Li-Kang Chi) ； 許哲彰(Che-Chang Hsu)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 7期 (2005/11) Pp. 115-129

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.20051101_(7).0007

摘要

本研究目的以計畫行為理論探討國小教師規律運動行為意圖和行為的預測。研究採立意抽樣，以北部地區自願參與本研究之國小教師為研究對象。以自編之規律運動問卷進行施測，運動行為以七日運動能量消耗回憶量表進行測量，有效問卷共333份，其中包括男性教師100名，女性教師233名。所得資料以卡方檢定百分比同質性考驗、以皮爾遜積差相關、以多元階層迴歸分析和二因子變異數分析進行資料處理。研究結果顯示：一、有規律運動習慣的教師占31.5%，教師規律運動習慣在性別、年齡、有無參與運動團體及與運動同伴運動情形的百分比差異達顯著水準。二、規律運動態度、主觀規範和知覺行為控制，與其信念交乘績有正相關。三、教師規律運動意圖主要受到規律運動態度、知覺行為控制所影響，主觀規範對其影響較小。理論架構直接測量對規律運動意圖預測力為63%，間接測量對其預測力為35%。教師規律運動行為受規律運動意圖、知覺行為控制所影響，理論架構直接和間接測量對規律運動行為的預測力皆為27%。四、理論架構各變項直接測量之徑路分析其徑路圖未完全符合理論架構，間接測量其徑路圖完全符合理論架構。五、男性教師之規律運動態度、知覺行為控制、知覺力量、意圖和行為高於女性教師。40歲以上教師之規律運動規範信念、控制信念、知覺力量和行為高於30-39歲及29歲以下教師，30-39歲教師之規律運動控制信念和知覺力量高於29歲以下教師。

關鍵字

計畫行為理論 ； 規律運動 ； 運動意圖 ； 運動行為

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to predict and explain exercise intention and behavior among elementary school teachers by using the Azjen's theory of planned behavior. Participants were 333 elementary school teachers (100 males and 233 females) in northern part of Taiwan. After receiving the inform consent, subjects were asked to complete Regular Exercise Questionnaire, and Seven-Day Exercise Behavior Recall Questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by Chi-square test, Pearson product-moment correlation, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, and two-way ANOVAs. The results indicated that: (1) There was 31.5% teachers had regular exercise habit. There was a significant proportion difference in regular exercise among teacher's sex, age, exercise partners, and exercise group. (2) Teachers' regular exercise intention was significantly predicted by regular exercise attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. The total explained variance for the direct and the indirect (belief-based) measures were 63% and 35% respectively. Teachers' regular exercise behavior was significantly predicted by regular exercise intention and perceived behavior control. The total explained variance for the direct and the indirect measures were both 27%. (3) The sum of products in terms of behavioral beliefs multiplying evaluation of the outcome had positive correlation with the attitude. The sum of products in terms of normative beliefs multiplying motivation to comply had positive correlation with the subjective norm. The sum of products in terms of control beliefs multiplying perceived behavior control. (4) The result of path analysis showed that the direct measures of variables did not fit the theory model. (5) The male teachers reported higher regular exercise attitude, perceived behavior control, control belief, perceived power, intention, and behavior than the female teachers. The teachers who were above 40 years old reported higher regular exercise normative belief, control belief, perceived power, and behavior than the teachers who were 30-39 and under 29 years old. The teachers who were 30-39 years old reported higher regular exercise control belief, perceived power than the teachers who were under 29 years old.

並列關鍵字

theory of planned behavior ； regular exercise ； exercise intention ； exercise behavior

參考文獻

Ajzen, I.(1988).Attitude, personality, and behavior.Chicago:Dorsey Press.

Ajzen, I.(1991).The theory of planned behavior.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.50,179-211.

Ajzen, I.,Driver, B. L.(1991).Prediction of leisure participation from behavioral, normative, and control beliefs: An application of the theory of planned behavior.Leisure Sciences.13,185-204.

Ajzen, I.,Driver, B. L.(1992).Application of the theory of planned behavior to leisure choice.Journal of Leisure Research.24,207-224.

Ajzen, I.,Fishbein, M.(1980).Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.