中年人運動參與動機、自我效能、知覺運動障礙及運動行為之關係

Relationship among Participation Motivation, Self-Efficacy, Perceived Exercise Barrier and Exercise Behavior

蔡英美(Ying-Mei Tsai) ； 王俊明(Junn-Ming Wang)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 9期 (2006/11) Pp. 109-131

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.20061101_(9).0006

摘要

本研究主要目的是：一、比較不同背景變項之中年人在運動參與動機、自我效能、知覺運動障礙與運動行為之差異；二、探討運動參與動機、自我效能與知覺運動障礙對中年人運動行為之預測情形。本研究以台中市661位中年人（男246，女415）為研究對象，平均年齡為48.23歲(SD±6.05)。本研究所使用的研究工具有：運動參與動機量表、自我效能量表、知覺運動障礙量表。所收集的資料以獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異分析、皮爾森積差相關及多元逐步迴歸分析進行資料處理。所得結果如下：一、在運動參與動機方面：女性之「心理需求」、「疾病預防」、「社會需求」高於男性；40-44歲組之「心理需求」及「疾病預防」高於其他各年齡組；大專（含）以上組之「心理需求」、「疾病預防」、「體重管理」高於其他各教育組；工作中組之「社會需求」高於「待業中」、「家管」及「退休」等組。二、在自我效能方面：性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、教育程度及工作狀況之自我效能上沒有差異存在。三、在知覺運動障礙方面：待業中組之知覺運動障礙高於「工作中」、「家管」及「退休」等組。四、在運動行為方面：60-64歲組之運動行為高於40-44及45-49歲等組；退休組之運動行為高於「家管」、「工作中」、「待業中」等組。五、自我效能、知覺運動障礙、綜合性效益三個變項對運動行為的預測力為14%。本研究除了對所得結果做解釋外，並對研究結果的應用加以討論。此外，本研究也對未來的研究提出一些建議。

關鍵字

性別 ； 年齡 ； 婚姻狀況 ； 教育程度 ； 工作狀況

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were: 1. to compare the differences of exercise participation motivation, self-efficacy, perceived exercise barrier and exercise behavior among middle-aged persons with different background variables; and 2. to examination the prediction of exercise participation motivation, self-efficacy, perceived exercise barrier to exercise behavior. There were 661 middle-age participants (male 246, female 415) with a mean age of 48.23(SD±6.05) drawn from Taichung city. All the participants were administered with Exercise Participation Motivation Inventory, Self-efficacy Inventory, and Perceived Exercise Barrier Inventory. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's product-moment correlations, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The findings were as follows: 1. For exercise participation motivation, female had higher scores than male on psychological needs, prevention of disease and social needs; the 40-44 age group had higher score then the other four groups on psychological needs; college graduated participants showed higher scores on psychological needs, prevention of disease and weight management than the other groups; the working group had higher scores of social needs than the other groups. 2. There was not any difference of self-efficacy between middle-aged persons with different sex, age, married condition, education degree, and work condition. 3. For perceived exercise barrier, the waiting-for-job group had higher score than the working group, family management group, and retired group. 4. The 60-64 age group had higher score than 40-44 age group and 45-49 age group on exercise behavior, and the retired group had higher score then that of the family management group, working group and waiting-for-job group. 5. Self-efficacy, perceived exercise barrier, and integrated benefit could explain 14% of the total variance of exercise behavior. The findings and applications of this study were discussed. Additionally, some suggestions for the future studies were offered.

並列關鍵字

sex ； age ； marriage condition ； educational degree ； working condition

參考文獻

蔡英美(2005)。中年人運動參與動機、自我效能、知覺運動障礙及運動行爲之研究(碩士論文)。國立體育學院。

高毓秀、黃奕清(2000)。成年人運動行爲影響因素之徑路分析。護理研究。8(4)，435-445。

Bandura, A.(1977).Social-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavior change.Psychological Review.84(2),191-215.

Cardinal, B. J.(1997).Construct validity of stages of change for exercise behavior.American Journal of Health Promotion.12(1),68-74.

Carroll, B.,Alexandris, K.(1997).Perception of constraints and strength of motivation: Their relationship to recreational sport participation in Greece.Journal of Leisure Research.29(3),279-299.