Factors affecting the earnings quality are multifaceted. Earning information is an important part of corporate external reporting. Earnings quality reflects the transparency of earnings information published by the listed companies. In theory, the actual controllers can affect earnings quality. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the relationship between the actual controllers and earnings quality. In this paper, we selected the listed companies in Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2013 to study the impacts of the identity of the actual controllers on earnings quality and the influence of the ratio of control of actual controllers on earnings quality. The study found that when the actual controllers of listed companies have state-owned background, earnings quality is worse; the higher the ratio of control of actual controller, the better the earnings quality of listed companies; the stronger the control ability of the actual controller, the stronger the ability to provide the guarantee for earnings quality, and tunneling effect is weaker than the effect of convergence of interests.