愛爾蘭的國家認同

Issues of National Identity in Ireland

紀舜傑(Shun-Jie Ji)

《台灣國際研究季刊》 4卷4期 (2008/12) Pp. 71-91

摘要

愛爾蘭人給予外界多重的印象，從啤酒、音樂、舞蹈、多位諾貝爾文學獎得主、聖派屈克節全綠色的裝飾、到近年來經濟高度成長得來的美譽。愛爾蘭的榮耀，從文藝復興及建國階段所著重的古老與悠久的文化傳統，轉向更帶有現代感的特質。
英國的殖民政策是導引愛爾蘭的獨立的重要因素，愛爾蘭可說是20世紀反殖民運動的先驅。而愛爾蘭人形塑民族主義的動能不在語言上，而是以文學爲主的文藝復興運動爲動力。但在建國後，愛爾蘭的國家建構的主要內涵則轉而以宗教爲主體。
歐盟提供愛爾蘭在經濟上突飛猛進的機會，也提供愛爾蘭認同的新選擇，或是擺脫英國強大陰影的機會。但是加入歐盟整合的代價是愛爾蘭必須更開放，包括政治上外來的干預以及人口上的移動。天主教的立國基礎勢必遭到挑戰，人口量變與質變的問題也非常棘手。經濟上的耀眼亮麗表現並不是解決所問問題的萬靈丹，宗教上的開放、與歐洲的關係、北愛爾蘭的議題、以及逐漸增加的外來移民都是愛爾蘭未來國家發展的重要挑戰。

關鍵字

反殖民運動 ； 民族形塑 ； 愛爾蘭文藝復興 ； 歐盟 ； 北愛爾蘭

並列摘要

Ireland has been well recognized in diversified categories, including beer, folk music, dance, Nobel Prize Laureates in Literature, the all-green St. Patrick's Day, and the recent remarkable achievements in economy. The element of Irish pride came from her cultural tradition in the past to highly industrialized accomplishments these days.
The English colonizing policies on Ireland paid the foundation for Irish independence. The major essences of Irish nationalism lied on Irish culture and Irish Renaissance in Irish literature. After becoming independent, the most important driving force for Irish state-building turned to religion.
European Union not only provided Ireland opportunities in economic developments, also offered an attachment of identity. However, by closely interacted with EU, Ireland has to embrace values and social practices from the bigger community. Therefore, the major issues Ireland facing in the future include how to remain open to EU with integrity intact, and the Northern Ireland unfinished issues.

並列關鍵字

anticolonial movement ； nation-formation ； Irish Renaissance ； European Union ； Northern Ireland

參考文獻

王世宗(2003)。自由派的帝國主義：英國對埃政策，1893-94。台大文史哲學報。58，297-334。

Anderson, Benedict.(1983).The Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism.London:Verso.

BBC

Boyce, D. George.(1995).Nationalism in Ireland.London:Routledge.

Paper presented at the PASSIA Training Program on Ireland and Palestine