越南的少數民族及其困境

Ethnic Minorities of Vietnam and Their Predicaments

謝國斌(Kuo-Pin Hsieh)

《台灣國際研究季刊》 10卷1期 (2014/03) Pp. 45-77

摘要

越南是一個離我們如此近卻又是如迷樣般遙遠的國家。隨著近年來愈來愈多越南籍配偶進入台灣，越南文化不但已經逐漸鑲嵌成台灣文化的一部份，而越南這個國家也成為愈來愈多新台灣之子的母親之鄉。然而，我們對越南的解迷似乎也僅侷限於越南籍配偶所開啟的這扇窗口，對於其更深入的人文環境則依然欠缺有系統的瞭解。本文即嘗試從越南的族群議題切入，試圖藉由各種量化的圖表來呈現越南多元的少數民族議題，及其所面臨的困境，進而一窺越南人文環境的樣貌。本文探究的重點包括：其一、越南族群的族群組成概況。其二、越南少數民族所面臨的困境。最後，本文也希冀能從越南的案例獲得可能的啟發。

關鍵字

越南 ； 少數民族 ； 族群關係

並列摘要

Vietnam has experienced rapid economic development since its famous Đổi Mới (or Renovation) policy started in 1986, and the case of Vietnam has been regarded as a ”success story.” Nonetheless, the fruits of its economic growth are far from equally distributed to all the people of Vietnam, especially in terms of ethnic affiliations. Among the 54 officially recognized ethnic groups in Vietnam, Viet people not only predominantly occupy over 86% of its total population, but also lion share most of the economic fruits and socio-economic benefits of this country. Except for the Hoa people of Chinese descent, all the other 52 ethnic minorities currently still face severe poverty problem and a variety of poverty-related predicaments. Mainly based on the latest report and data released by the World Bank and the United Nations Population Fund, this paper analyzes and presents the most serious problems that Vietnam's ethnic minorities encountered, including poverty, education, mobility, and other related social-economic and demographic issues.

並列關鍵字

Vietnam ； ethnic minority ； ethnic relations

參考文獻

Dang, Hai-Anh. 2010. “Vietnam: A Widening Poverty Gap for Ethnic Minorities.” (http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINDPEOPLE/Resources/407801-1271860301656/Chapter_8_Vietnam.pdf) (2013/8/28)

General Statistics Office of Vietnam. 2010. The 2009 Vietnam Population and Housing Census: Completed Results (http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=515&idmid=5&ItemID=10799) (2013/8/27)

Imai, Katsushi, and Raghav Gaiha. 2007. Poverty, Inequality and Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam. Manchester: University of Manchester. (http://www.bwpi.manchester.ac.uk/resources/Working-Papers/bwpi-wp-1007.pdf) (2013/8/28)

Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 2001. 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic Of Vietnam (http://www.vietnamlaws.com/freelaws/Constitution92(aa01).pdf/) (2013/9/13)

UNFPA Vietnam. n.d. “2009 Population and Housing Census.” (http://vietnam.unfpa.org/public/cache/offonce/pid/5698;jsessionid=4CDB1EA5EC453C959D0926BEAF573C4D) (2013/8/27)