都市地區火災風險分區劃設方法之研究

A Delineation of Fire Risk Zones by Urban Blocks

蔣得心(T.H. Chiang) ； 林峰田(F.T. Lin)

《危機管理學刊》 5卷2期 (2008/09) Pp. 67-74

https://doi.org/10.6459/JCM.200809_5(2).0008

摘要

火災是都市地區中最爲頻繁的人爲災害之一，存在著極高的不確定性，並造成嚴重損失，對整個社會的影響甚大。本研究從都市整體角度，以「風險」之概念結合過去危險度及災因分析之相關研究，以周邊環境、建物屬性、土地使用…等因素爲評估指標，建構一個以都市街廓爲評估尺度之都市地區火災風險評估模式，並以實證地區風險評估結果配合地理資訊系統，分爲三層級劃設火災風險區。劃設結果經問卷訪談判定比對，火災發生機率在實務準確度上達83.3%，在火災損失部分則有75%。研究成果可作爲都市防災、都市更新、社區總體營造與消防演習等火災防減災相關規劃與行動政策研擬之參考，以期提升都市整體防火安全能力。

關鍵字

火災風險評估 ； 火災損失 ； 風險分區 ； 地理資訊系統

並列摘要

Urban fire, with high uncertainty, is one of major man-made hazards, which occur often and have caused serious loss and strong impact on the society. With the concept of risk, this research proposes an evaluation method to assess fire risk degree in terms of urban blocks by considering factors of neighboring environments, building attributes, land use, open spaces, etc. We analyze fire risks using GIS and divide the results into three equal ranks, namely high, medium and low risks, and derive a fire risk zone map. The research finds that the estimation of fire probability in the study area is 83.3% and fire loss is 75%, which is similar to the evaluation results by firemen based on their daily experiences. The method proposed in this research can be applied to local hazard mitigation planning, urban renewal projects, community empowerment, hazard preparedness and response for daily practice of fire protection to improve the capability of urban fire resistance.

並列關鍵字

Fire Risk Assessment ； Fire Loss ； Risk Zone ； GIS

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