清代(1645-1911)每年流入中國白銀數量的初步估計

Estimating the Yearly Amount of Silver Inflow during the Ching Dynasty in China (1645-1911)

李隆生(Lung-Sheng Lee)

《人文暨社會科學期刊》 5卷2期 (2009/12) Pp. 31-58

https://doi.org/10.7118/JHSS.200912.0031

摘要

作者根據文獻，特別是西方貿易數據，估計或找出1645-1911年，每年淨輸入中國的白銀數量；清代流入中國的海外白銀約5億兩。嘗試整合各時期、各家的數據，以求得正確和一致的結果，幾近不可能，但既然未有這樣的研究，便值得拋磚引玉一試。最後，作者將估計得到的白銀數字和前人研究的數字進行比較，發現本研究的估計數字應該落在合理範圍之內。

關鍵字

清中國 ； 白銀 ； 國際貿易

並列摘要

On the basis of a review of the literature, especially the international trade data of European countries, I tried to estimate and determine the yearly amount of silver inflow into China during the years 1645-1911. About half a billion ”liang” of silver were imported into China during the Ching Dynasty. Any attempt to integrate various periods and individual data, to achieve correct and consistent results, is very difficult but worthy. My estimations were ultimately compared with the data in the literature. The results indicate that my figures are plausible and thus acceptable.

並列關鍵字

Ching Dynasty ； China ； silver ； international trade

參考文獻

林滿紅(1997)。與岸本教授論清乾隆年間的經濟。中央研究院近代史研究所集刊。28，235-252。

Pound sterling

Atwell, W. S.(1982).International bullion flows and the Chinese economy circa 1530-1650.Past and Present.95,68-90.

Chaunu, P.(1960).Les philippines et le pacifique des iberiques.Paris:S.E.V.P.E.N..

Curtin, P. D.(1984).Cross-cultural trade in world history.1