雲林縣崙背鄉港尾村詔安客開嘴獅之研究－以傳統探神儀式為例

The Study of Mouth-open Lion of Chao-an Hakkas in the Kang-wei Village of Yu-lin County-Taking the Traditional Tan-shun Ritual as an Example

林秋鳳(Chiu-Feng Lin)

《身體文化學報》 7期 (2008/12) Pp. 1-24

https://doi.org/10.6782/BCJ.200812.0001

摘要

開嘴獅即是「盒仔獅」，爲客人獅的一種。在桃竹苗、雲林、嘉義、屏東皆有其蹤影，但舞法皆有不同。由文獻記載以及訪談驗證，雲林縣的開嘴獅，其源頭在崙背鄉港尾村。開嘴獅是由大陸福建省詔安縣的金生師傅所傳授，拳法爲布雞拳，舞獅套路爲「金獅連陣開嘴獅」。目前僅有零星演出，主要用在表演及拜神之活動。開嘴獅因節慶或是表演場所的不同，舞弄的獅套也不一樣。港尾廖仙員師傅表示，廟會以探神最具代表性，而且開嘴獅是所有舞獅中，唯一能進入廟宇者；斗南黃清浩師傅表示，比較具娛樂性的有騎獅、睡獅、咬水果等表演。獅陣的經營不易，舞獅的動作也愈來愈簡化，老師傅日漸凋零，拳法也逐漸消失。最重要的是，詔安客因長期與閩南人混居，生活習慣被福佬化，其特色已被模糊，故更極需加以記錄保存。研究者拜訪雲林各地開嘴獅的老師傅，搜集舞獅與拳法等資料，主要探討一、開嘴獅之武術套路布雞拳。二、蒐集開嘴獅獅藝的展演文化。三、傳統探神儀式的舞獅分析。本文將利用田野調查、訪談、觀察和影像紀錄後，加以分析、整理、歸納與詮釋，更深入瞭解文化在地化所具有的意義與重要性。

關鍵字

詔安客 ； 布雞拳 ； 客家獅 ； 詔安客開嘴獅 ； 崙背貓兒干文史協會

並列摘要

Kai-kou Lion (Mouth-open Lion), also called Ha-va Lion, is one kind of the Hakkas Lions. We can find it in many areas such as, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Yunlin, Chiayai, and Pingtung, but the ways to operate it are different. According to records of references and interview, the beginning of the Kai-kou Lion of Yulin can be traced back to Kang-wei Village, Yunlin County. Master Ginson who came from Mainland China taught and initiated this folk skill. The martial arts of Kai-kou Lion are created by means of adopting Bu-ji Boxing. Until now, Few performances exist, and the main function is for normal performance and ritual.
Because of the different festival and places, there are verities of ways to dance Kai-kou Lion. According to teacher Liao in Kang-wei Village, the most symbol of temple festival is tan-shen. Teacher Houng in Dounan said that more entertainment activities including Riding Lion, Sleepy Lion, Biting fruit, and so on are more popular. Actually, operating the business of Dancing Lion Group is not easy, so we can find the actions of dancing lion are simpler and simpler these days. The elder teachers are getting older; so many actions of dancing lion disappeared. What's more, that the kai-kuo people have been residing with min-nan people for a long time resulted in their custom feature unnoticeable. Therefore, we need to reserve it at best we can.
Researcher interviewed many Kai-kou Lion teachers in Yunlin, and collect information and resource about dancing lion and the set pattern of Chinese boxing in the area of cultural performance. In this research, the three main discussions are following: the original of Kai-kou Lion, collecting the performance couture of Kai-kou Lion, and analysing the dancing steps of the Kai-kou Lion. These materials are analysed, coped, concluded, and explained for deeply understanding the importance and meaning of local culture.

並列關鍵字

Chao-an Hakka ； Kai-kuo Lion ； Chao-an Hakka Mouth-open Lion ； Lun-bei Cats Literature & History Academy

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