NBA封館之勞資雙方衝突觀點：以2011年為例

美國國家籃球協會（NBA）為商業化運動，透過球迷支持與消費賺取利益，2011年勞資利益衝突造成封館危機。本研究從衝突理論之角度談論勞資衝突的因素，其次探討NBA勞資衝突的起因與觀點，最後闡述封館的解決之道。本文透過書籍、報章雜誌與網路蒐集相關資料，整理出階級、權力、資源及利益等四項因素並用以分析封館事件。獲得結論如下：一、資產階級剝削壓迫無產階級造成階級衝突，支配者與受支配者因權力分配不均促使權力鬥爭，高低階層爭奪有限的資源造成緊張關係，獲得酬賞與付出努力的失衡狀態產生利益衝突。二、NBA勞資衝突起因於球團將虧損風險推給球員承受，掌權的球團恣意進行球員交易，球團占據資源控制球員曝光率，資方得利後試圖利用各種條款壓縮球員獲益。衝突點在於資方的脅迫致使勞方透過工會和法律進行抵制，球團的不平等條款與政策引起球員法庭提告，失去球團援助的球員赴海外打球與表演賽以維持曝光率，資方的利益分配機制讓勞方成為犧牲者。三、NBA球團避免法律訴訟而態度軟化，雙方成員發起妥協聲浪，適當資源分配予以彼此獲最大效益，財務與球迷流失的考量，促成雙方在利益分配比例與團隊薪資機制達成協議。

關鍵字

封館；馬克思主義；衝突理論

並列摘要

National Basketball Association (NBA) is a commercial sport which gains profits by basketball fans' support and consumption. In 2011, it was suspended for the conflict of interest occurred between the labor and capital parties. This study discusses the conflict factors between the NBA labor and capital parties from the perspective of conflict theory and explores conflict causes and viewpoints and finally illustrates the solutions. This study collected related data from books, magazines and network and summarized four factors, namely, class, power, resource and interest for analysis. The findings are listed as follows: 1. The capitalist class exploits and oppresses the proletariat to result in conflict. The inequality of power between the dominator and the dominated resulted in power struggle. The higher and lower classes are in a strained relation for limited resources. Rewards and efforts are unbalanced which results in interest conflict. 2. The conflict between NBA labor and capital parties starts from that the trust pushed the loss risk to the players while the trust in power made deliberate deal of the players. As they have the control of the players, they limited their exposure rate so that the capital party could cut down interests of the players by different articles. The conflict point lies in that the compress of capital party can boycott the labor party by the Labor Union and laws. Besides, the uneven articles and policies of the NBA trust resulted in the players’ appeal to the court. Hence, these players who have no support from the teams could only go abroad to play basketball and perform to maintain their exposure rate. The interest allocation mechanism of the capital party make the labor party become the victim. 3. In order to avoid lawsuit, the NBA trust softened their attitude. The members of both parties initiated to compromise. Proper resource allocation can make both parties win the maximum interests. In addition, the financial and fans loss make both parties consider making an agreement on interest allocation proportion and group salary mechanism.

並列關鍵字

the Lockout ； Maxism ； conflict theories

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NBA封館之勞資雙方衝突觀點：以2011年為例

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