不同年齡層100公尺自由式選手泳速之分析

本研究之目的在：分析全國分齡游泳錦標賽100公尺自由式男、女各13-14歲、15-17歲及18歲以上等三個歲級，前六名之出發、中途、轉身、衝刺及最後成績之速度等參數，並比較其差異；同時分析中途分段距離之划頻、划幅、速度、效率等參數，並比較其差異與相關，以前、後段速度來預測比賽成績的速度。結果：一、100公尺自由式的出發、中途、轉身、衝刺及成績的速度，男、女均以15-17歲的速度較佳，而不是18歲以上，以男、女各歲級身體素質發育的情況，均以18歲以上爲最佳，但表現卻最差，這是國內游泳成績進步幅度小的原因。二、100公尺自由式的出發、中途、轉身、衝刺及成績的速度等參數的變異分析，只有男子15-17歲比13-14歲快，且達顯著差異。而女子爲18歲以上比13-14歲與15-17歲慢，且達顯著差異。三、100公尺自由式屬於短距離項目，男、女各歲級的划頻雖後段比前段快，但划幅大部份出現後段比前段短，且速度與效率均無法越游越快，這一點值得國內的教練去改進，今後如能在划幅的訓練上，多下功夫，必能增加速度與效率。

關鍵字

不同年齡層；自由式；游泳速度

並列摘要

Objective of Research: To analyze the factors of the final results for the top six participants of the National Swimming (Free Style) Competition, composed of three levels of males and females in groups with ages of 13-14, 15-17, and 18 and above, and how the factors came to play in the participants' performance. The factors contained take-off, during, turn-around, sprint, final speed, etc. Results: (1) For the the 100-meter free styles, the age group of 15-17 had the best performance, not the 18-year-old and above. Although the physical development of the 18-year-old and above was the best of all the three groups, they had the worst performance. This is the reason why the domestic swimmers made little progress. (2) For the 100-meter free styles, only the male 15-17 group tremendously outperformed the male 13-14 group, which is in accordance with the hypothesis. The female 18 and above group was slower than the female 13-14 and 15-17 groups. This is, however, the exact opposite of the hypothesis. (3) The 100-meter free style competitions belong to the short-distance category. Stroke Frequency was higher in all groups during the first part. Mostly stroke length was shorter during the latter part. Also the speed and efficiency became worse. These are the results demonstrated during the long distance competition. The findings could provide as information for future improvement in coaching. For example, focus on to stroke length improve efficiency and speed.

並列關鍵字

Different age ； Free style ； Speed of swimming

參考文獻

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