心理技能訓練在競技運動領域中一直是被重視之議題,近期有學者進一步提出正念不僅可以增進心理狀態,甚至對於運動表現亦可能有正面的效益。為進一步瞭解正念對於運動表現之影響,本文將蒐集近期正念與運動表現之相關文獻,並聚焦於正念概要、正念相關課程、正念檢測量表、正念與運動表現之相關研究,以及正念與運動之可能機轉進行回顧。回顧後發現,雖然正念與運動表現之研究仍在初步階段,目前研究多指出正念對於與運動表現相關之心理狀態均有正面效果,甚至在正念介入後亦能造成大腦腦區活化的改變。未來研究可進一步釐清不同正念訓練處方對於運動表現之影響,期許未來該方式能幫助我國競技運動選手邁向高峰。
Mental skill training has been an important issue in the athletics domain. Recently, scholars have further shown that mindfulness can not only promote athletes' mental states, but also have benefits on sport performances. To further understand the effects of mindfulness on sport performance, the purpose of this study was to review the effects between mindfulness and sport performance by focusing on literature introducing the concept of mindfulness, mindfulness courses, mindfulness assessment scales, and the mechanisms of mindfulness and sport performance. Although the research of mindfulness and sport performance is still at an early stage, the results have indicated that there are positive effects of mindfulness on sport performance and mental states. Interestingly, the intervention of mindfulness can even change activation in the brain areas. Future studies can further clarify the effects of different kinds of mindfulness training courses on sport performance, in order to provide a knowledge base for athletes, so as to facilitate their reaching their optimum performances.
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