Planned extubation failure is defined as when the patient requires reintubation between 24 and 72 hours after planned extubation. Because reintubation is an emergency procedure, it impacts both the patient and the treatment plan including prolonged mechanical ventilation, increased length of hospital stay and increased mortality rate. Therefore, prevention of planned extubation failure is critical. This article reviews the causes, impacts, prevention and treatment of planned extubation failure. The information provided may enhance clinical judgment and management of nurses for planned extubation. The optimal goal is to promote the quality of care in preparation of patients for extubation.