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誠實與成績：運動倫理得兼二難之困頓
Honesty and Records: The Dilemma of Sports Ethics
摘要
參與運動競賽，除了追求卓越成績之外，運動競技領域的對與錯也備受重視。國內對運動倫理的討論日漸熱絡，近來於國內外發生數起值得探討的事件，例如倫敦奧運會上，中韓印四組女雙隊伍因都不想贏而放水，被世界羽球聯盟（BWF）取消資格。又美國職業籃球賽（NBA），於2012年賽季開始處罰頗受爭議的假摔議題，另外，我國職棒也發生救援王資格爭議，獅象兩隊為了讓自家球員獲得該獎項，在最後一場例行賽中皆使用「技術性操作」，最後中華職棒決定取消今年救援王獎項，並對雙方教練、球員做出懲處。這些案例中都顯現出真假對錯與競賽成績之間的衝突，而有權機關對各該事件的對應以及大眾的看法似都清楚昭示了誠實優先於成績。然而本文認為表彰各項運動美德的「運動家精神」概念並不明確，普遍受到相沿成習的傳統影響，而無一以貫之的標準。當誠實與成績，二者不可兼得時，作者認為一切應依據競賽規程行事，在合理規範下，應當讓運動員和教練團有更自主地的發揮戰術與戰略的操作空間，而當逾越規章之規定，則依法懲處即可，不應再以運動德性之名而強加壓迫在運動員身上。
並列摘要
Besides the goal of pursuing outstanding records, the judgment of right or wrong deeds has also been emphasized in the field of sports competitions. In light of the increasing discussion on sports ethics, this paper will take several national and international sports controversies that happened recently as points of departure to explore the dilemma between honesty and records. For examples, four women's doubles teams from China, South Korea and Indonesia had been disqualified from the competition by Badminton World Federation for throwing the game on purpose at London Olympics. National Basketball Association (NBA) in North America started to penalize flopping since the year of 2012. Even in Taiwan the Closer of the Year Award nominated by Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) has been cancelled due to ＂strategic manipulations＂ by Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions and Brother Elephants in the final game of this season to make their player more qualified for the Award; the head coaches and players of these two teams involved in the wrongdoings were also sanctioned. These cases all foreground the conflict between right (true) /wrong (false) deeds and sports records. The reactions on the part of the institutions in charge and the public opinion seem to declare clearly that honesty should take priority over records. However, this paper attempts to question the loosely-defined concept of ＂sportsmanship＂ that glorifies and highlights various virtues in sports activities, a concept enormously influenced by tradition but failed to be consistently standardized. While facing the dilemma of not being able to have honesty and records both, this paper suggests that while the technical regulations have been followed, the players and the coaches should be given more operating space to use strategies and tactics autonomously. The sanction intervenes only if the regulation were violated. There is no need to enforce sports virtues or morality oppressively on the part of the athlete.
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