鄉鎮至區轉換歷程之觀光治理模式─新北市深坑老街之個案觀察

伴隨觀光旅遊產業的蓬勃發展，政府已將其列為國家六大新興產業類項的一環，因而延伸的永續觀光思維逐漸為各地方政府重視。但另一方面，台灣於2011年經歷的國土行政體系的重大變革，透過縣市合併等方式浮現新的五都，地方自治一方面面臨縣市內部合併的磨合，5個直轄市與鄰近縣市也將產生新的跨域治理問題。值此重大變革，原屬於縣體制的地方自治單位-鄉鎮成為直屬市政府管轄的「區」。而就致力於發展觀光之地方自治單位而言，觀光治理模式截然不同，因而產生資源分配、權力調適與社群網絡關係變化等議題。本研究以新北市深坑老街為例，透過觀光治理理論的回顧與文本的深度分析，瞭解體制變革後地方觀光政策的施為方向，並以質性訪談方式歸納地方意見，透過田野調查瞭解體制變革後不同利益關係者（Stakeholder）對地方觀光治理之感知，進而提出對應地方特性之觀光治理理論。研究結果顯示深坑老街因為新北市大量資源的挹注，大幅提昇觀光旅次，對於帶動地方經濟發展有相當助益。但因為鄉鎮公所權力與資源的真空化，使得地方期待與政策施為產生相當落差，產生地方政治經濟的再結構現象。

關鍵字

觀光治理；永續觀光；五都

並列摘要

With the vigorous development of tourism, it has been listed in six national burgeoning industries. As a result, the concept of sustainable tourism is also valued by each local government. Under this situation, the policy of Taiwanese territory has also experienced a great revolution, which is the emergence of new five municipalities in 2011 through the combination of the cities and counties. Town or township is the basic autonomous unit belonging to the county government. While the town or township has been translated into district, the form of tourism governance will be different completely. The subject of debate involved with the distribution of the resources, authority regulation or the community network has been emerged. This study takes Shenkeng Old Street as an example to understand the public tourism policies tough the analysis of tourism governance references and theories. The method of deep interview will be adopted to generalize local opinions. And different groups of stakeholders will be investigated to understand their perception. Finally, the local theory of tourism governance will be brought up to provide the governments to adjust their tourism policies. The result reveals that with the abundant resources from the New Taipei City, the number of the tourists increases dramatically, and really benefits local economy. But the empty for local power and resources also enlarges the gap between the local expectation and the public policy which leads the reconstruction of local political economy.