海國英雄形象衍異與文學符碼重層解讀-台灣清領時期古典詩中的鄭成功

Different Images of Ocean Hero and Multilayered Interpretation about Literary Code: Koxinga in Taiwanese Classical Poetry during Ching Dynasty Ko Bin-Yau Adjunct Associate Professor Department of Chinese National Central University Abstract

顧敏耀(Ko Bin-Yau)

《明道通識論叢》 9期 (2010/12) Pp. 53-80

https://doi.org/10.6954/MJGE.201012.0053

摘要

鄭成功這位縱橫東亞數十年的海國英雄，在我國廣受景仰與推崇，他雖然在此僅僅待了一年多的時間，在台詩作也僅〈復台〉一首，卻成為台灣古典詩中時常被吟詠的主題以及一個重要的文學符碼。清領時期關於鄭成功的古典詩作，約略可分為三個時期:一、康雍乾時期的江日昇、陳昂與張湄；二、道咸年間的劉家謀與陳肇興;三、在1874年解禁之後的許南英、何澂、吳大廷、周長庚、蔡德輝、何如謹等。在解禁之前的詩作，有的充斥著官方觀點(如張湄、劉家謀)，有的則必須以隱諱曲折、暗渡陳倉的方式來書寫(如陳昂、陳肇興)。解禁之後則能暢所欲言，極力讚頌，然而遊宦文人對於鄭成功的評價大多集中在「忠君愛國」方面，而本地文人的詩作則偏重在他對台灣的開闢。陳肇興與許南英的詩作皆以七言古詩為體裁，運用變化有致的韻腳，鏗鏘有力、波瀾壯闊的刻畫其不平凡的一生。此外，在清領時期描述鄭成功的詩作之中，可以輕易的找到許多與海洋事物有關的詩句，其一生經歷與海洋之間密不可分的關係、確乎昭然若揭，不言可喻。雖然國姓爺在當時英年早逝，齎志以歿，但是藉由這些古典詩作，其叱吒風雲的精彩事蹟、冒險犯難的海洋精神、堅忍不屈的動人精神，也永遠流傳下來。

關鍵字

國姓爺 ； 延平郡王 ； 海洋文化 ； 海洋文學 ； 台灣文學

並列摘要

Koxinga also called Zheng Cheng-Gong, Zhu Cheng-Gong, and Yan-Ping Chun-Wang (King of Yanping county). He is the most famous historical character in Taiwan. There are many folk tales associated with him. In fact , there are also a lots of classical poets took him as the subject. The Taiwanese classical poetry about Koxinga during Ching Dynasty roughly divided into three kinds: First , poetry writen by Jiang Ri-Sheng and Chen Angin in the the early Ching dynasty. Second, poetry writen by Liu Jia-Mou and Chen Zhao-Hsing in the mid and late part of Ching dynasty. Third, poetry writen by Hsu Nan-Ying, He Cheng, Wu Da- Ting, Zhou Chang-Geng, Tsai De-Hui, and He Ru-Jin from 1874 to 1895 period. Poets from outside areas described Koxinga as a loyal official. The local poets commended his merit about developing Taiwan. while koxinga passed away Then he was very young, but by the classical poetry, the wonderful deeds, adventurous spirit about seas , and the indomitable perseverance will spread down forever.

並列關鍵字

Koxinga ； Ocean Hero ； Marine Culture ； Sea Literature ； Taiwanese Literature