論北魏孝文帝遷都的心理戰略

A Discourse on the Psyco-strategies of the Issue of Moving Capital by Emperor Xian Wen of the North Wei

蔡金仁(Chin-Jen Tsai)

《國立虎尾科技大學學報》 28卷1期 (2009/03) Pp. 77-98

https://doi.org/10.6425/JNHUST.200903.0077

摘要

北魏孝文帝於太和十七年(493)八月，假南伐之名率大軍征討蕭齊，利用眾大臣、將士皆不願南伐的厭戰心理，成功地將都城從平城遷到洛陽。孝文帝的遷都，包含政治、經濟、軍事、文化等因素的考量，但是卻遭到保守派強力反對。本文旨在透過心理戰略的理論，解析孝文帝在遷都行動中，如何運用心理戰略取得己方優勢，達成遷都目的。首先探討心理戰與心理戰略的概念及意涵，將孝文帝遷都之心理戰略依現代戰略理論分爲思想戰、宣傳戰、謀略戰三個部分，分別詳加分析考察，並以遷都成功之事實對孝文帝的心理戰略提出成效評估。研究結果顯示，以現代戰略理論運用於歷史研究實屬可行，若能妥善結合二者，應能對歷史研究提供新的研究取向。

關鍵字

心理戰略 ； 北魏孝文帝 ； 遷都

並列摘要

Emperor Xiao Wen of the North Wei moved the capital from Ping Cheng to Luo Yang, this decision involved the consideration upon the categories politic, economy, military and culture and had been opposed by the conservative powers in the Court. The aim of this paper is to analyze by mean of psyco-stragies to interpret the moves emperor Xiao Wen taken in order to fulfill the purpose of moving the capital. We are first to confer the concept and idea of psychological warfare and psycho-stragies, and hence differentiate Emperor Xiao Wen Strategies into the warfare of thought, warfare of propaganda and the warfare of trick according to the modern theories of strategies. We analyze these three dimensions carefully by focusing on the succeed of moving the capital and evaluate the outcome of this issue. Our analysis have shown the feasibility of using the theory on modern strategies in the research of history, and hence indicate a new direction to the study on history.

並列關鍵字

Psyco-strategies ； Emperor Xiao Wen of the North Wei ； Moving the Capital to other location

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