NGO在哥斯大黎加發展以社區爲基礎之旅遊之探討

The Role of NGOs in the Development of Community-Based Rural Tourism in Costa Rica

戴柏睿(Bernardo Trejos) ； 黃文琪(Wen-Chi Huang) ； 姜蘭虹(Lan-Hung Nora Chiang)

《鄉村旅遊研究》 2卷1期 (2008/06) Pp. 63-76

https://doi.org/10.30169/JRTR.200806.0005

摘要

本研究探討非政府組織(NGO)如何支持哥斯大黎加發展以社區為基礎之鄉村旅遊(CBRT)產業及其發展過程中所面臨的問題。國際援助機構經常透過像ACTUAR這樣的NGO援助鄉村社區；當時在創辦CBRT時，並未經過嚴謹的規劃，純粹是為了考量如何為當地社區居民創造工作收入機會。以ACTUAR而言，其主要功能為推廣、行銷、提昇人力資源、提供技術性的協助以及參與政治活動，其成員組織則包含環境及保育團體、農漁民團體及婦女與原住民團體。本研究發現，在發展CBRT時，主要的問題出現在供給面，如缺乏觀光旅遊及經營管理的專業知識、必要的基礎設施不足以及缺乏資金。

關鍵字

鄉村旅遊 ； 以社區為基礎的旅遊 ； NGO ； 社區發展 ； 哥斯大黎加

並列摘要

This study explores the way non-governmental organization (NGO) support for Community-Based Rural Tourism (CBRT) has been developed in Costa Rica, and identifies the main problems encountered. Through NGOs like ACTUAR, international donor agencies support rural communities. CBRT in Costa Rica did not start from a formalized planning operation, but rather from the inspiration of rural people looking for income opportunities. The main functions of ACTUAR are promotion and marketing, capacity building and technical assistance, and political influence. Its member associations include environmental and conservation organizations, peasant and fishermen organizations, women's organizations and indigenous organizations. One of the main problems that CBRT faces is that it has been supply driven. Deficiencies include a lack of tourism and business knowledge, as well as a lack of necessary infrastructure and financial resources.

並列關鍵字

rural tourism ； community-based tourism ； NGO ； community development ； Costa Rica

參考文獻

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