Commonality and Differences: The Dispute between Feminism and Phenomenology

劉亞蘭(Ya-Lan Liu)

《華岡哲學學報》 1期 (2009/06) Pp. 25-45

https://doi.org/10.29988/HKJP.200906.0002

摘要

當代女性主義主張，「女性身體」是「社會文化的建構」。然而，如何在其中找到「女性」共同團結的力量？本文嘗試從現象學觀點來解決這個「共同」與「差異」的爭議，亦即，「共同」與「差異」並非對立詞彙，事實上，這兩者可以並存，而其中的關鍵是：自然身體和文化身體不是對立的。也就是說，女性主義之所以無法在強調「身體的文化建構」的同時，兼顧「女性」共同的肉身基礎，是因為，女性主義往往把「身體」視為被生物法則或被文化條件所決定。本文所提出的現象學觀點將說明：身體不是一個被動的身軀，它在處境中轉化、賦予其意涵。如此一來，自然身體和文化身體互為脈絡的關係，將使我們兼顧身體的自然和文化面，進而解決女性主義有關「共同」與「差異」身體的爭議。

關鍵字

女性主義現象學 ； 女性身體 ； 匿名身體 ； 梅洛龐蒂 ； 他人經驗

並列摘要

Contemporary feminists claim that the 'female body' has been resulted from constructions of social culture. They emphasize the 'differences' of the body. But the question is thus: how do we find the solidarity of 'sisterhood' from within differences? In this paper, I will argue from a phenomenological point that 'difference' and 'commonality' is not antagonistic. The critical clincher is that the natural body and the cultural body could co-exist. With the help of phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty, I will explain that the body is not a passive corporality determined by biological law and/or cultural condition, but an active site which encarnalizes its own situations. So, the inter-contextual relationship between the natural body and the cultural body will help solving the antipathy between 'the difference' and 'the commonality.'

並列關鍵字

Feminist phenomenology ； female body ； anonymous body ； Merleau-Ponty ； the experience of other

參考文獻

Allen, Jeffner(ed.),Young, Iris Marion(ed.)(1989).The Thinking Muse: Feminism and Modern French Philosophy.Bloomington:Indiana University Press.

Allen, Jeffner(ed.),Young, Iris Marion(ed.)(1989).The Thinking Muse : Feminism and Modern French Philosophy.Bloomington:Indiana University Press.

Allen, Jeffner,Hoeller, Keith(ed.)(1993).Merleau-Ponty and Psychology.Atlantic Highlands:Humanities Press.

Carr, David(1974).Phenomenology and the Problem of History: A Study of Husserl's Transcendental Philosophy.Evanston:Northwestern University Press.

Edie, James(1987).Edmund Husserl's Phenomenology: A Critical Commentary.Bloomington:Indiana University Press.