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外籍看護工生活品質及其相關因素之探討

An Exploration of Quality of Life and Related Factors in Foreign Nurse Aides

摘要


目的:探討瞭解不同國籍的外籍看護工所面臨到照護病患時的壓力與照護壓力程度,以及照護壓力對生活品質的影響及相關性。方法:採橫斷式研究,以結構式問卷訪查北部某醫學中心及護理之家的主要負責病人照顧工作的外籍看護工共150位,問卷包括外籍看護工及被照護者基本屬性調查表、照護壓力量表、生活品質量表,經機構內人體試驗委員會通過後進行研究相關資料收集。結果:外籍看護工的個人人口學資料及照護狀況變項與其生活品質有顯著性差異,而外籍看護工年齡越大、最小子女歲數較大且子女數較多,其生活品質越好;但訓練週數較少或未接受訓練的外籍看護工,則生活品質較差。生活品質中以社會範疇得分最高,環境範疇得分最低,整體生活品質屬中等程度。外籍看護工照護壓力程度介於完全沒有壓力至有點壓力程度間,照護壓力與生活品質各範疇沒有相關;生活品質的預測因子為國籍、可休息睡覺的時間、額外的獎金或獎勵及是否有子女等變項;意即不同國籍的外籍看護工,其生活品質較印尼籍好;可休息睡覺的時間較多的外籍看護工相較於較少佳;有額外的獎金或獎勵的外籍看護工相較於無者好;而沒有子女者相較於有子女者佳。結論:本研究結果可提供護理人員瞭解外籍看護工照護壓力與生活品質之參考依據,建議醫院應設計多國語言之照顧衛教手冊及標語,護理人員執行護理指導時,須顧慮到其語言溝通及文化適應的問題,來協助外籍看護工處理病人照護狀況以減少因失誤被罵的機會。台灣已進入高齡化社會,外籍看護工已成為主要照護人力,若來台前已接受訓練,熟悉照護技巧;來台後不論是雇主或仲介,協助其及早適應,常給予鼓勵及支持,使外籍看護在照護病患上沒有困難,來確保病患的照品質及安全。

並列摘要


Purpose: This study investigated the stressors and level of care stress faced by foreign nursing aides of differing nationalities in Taiwan. This study also assessed the impact of care stress and its relationship to quality of life in this population. Methodology: This cross-sectional study used a structured questionnaire to collect data from 150 primary care foreign nursing aides at one medical center and several nursing homes in northern Taiwan. The questionnaire included a survey of nursing aide and patient demographic data, a caregiver perceived pressure scale, and a quality of life scale. Data was collected after the medical center's institutional review board approved the study. Results: This study identified significant differences between participant quality of life (QOL) and participant demographic and current care situation variables. Participant age, age of participant's youngest child, and number of participant's children correlated positively with QOL. Participants who received relatively less or no job training reported having a relatively lower QOL. QOL scores were highest in the social category and lowest in the environmental category, with total scores indicating participants had an ”average” quality of life. Participant level of care stress in this study ranged from none to mild, with no relationship identified between care pressures and any QOL category. Quality of life predictors included nationality, length of permitted rest and sleep time, receipt of incentive awards/bonuses, and whether or not the aide had children of her own. This study found that Indonesians had the lowest QOL of all nationality groups; participants able to rest/sleep more had a relatively higher QOL than those resting/sleeping less; and those without children of their own had a relatively higher QOL than those with. Conclusions: This study provides a reference for professional nurses to better understand the care pressures and quality of life issues faced by foreign nursing aides in Taiwan. The author suggests that hospitals prepare healthcare manuals and post relevant signage in multiple languages. Also, when giving nursing care instructions, nurses should take into consideration potentially confounding language and cultural factors in order to bolster foreign nursing aide caring abilities and reduce their risk of being scolded / blamed for care-giving mistakes. As Taiwan's society continues to age, the prevalence and importance of foreign nursing aides to domestic medical care will continue to rise. Resolving barriers to providing effective care faced by foreign nursing aids can facilitate patient care quality and safety. Several approaches to doing so include providing appropriate training and familiarization to foreign nursing aides prior to beginning work in Taiwan, taking appropriate measures to help them acclimate quickly and effectively to their new environment, and providing frequent encouragement and support.

參考文獻


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