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Yoga in University Sports: Effects on Spirituality, Well-Being, And Physical Symptoms Among Students - A Quasi-Experimental Study

摘要


According to international studies, practising yoga has positive effects on the mental and physical health of the young generation and adults. Our study aimed to examine how yoga practice in physical education settings affects the subjective assessment of spirituality, the different aspects of well-being (subjective, psychological) and the physical symptoms, and how the values of yoga practitioners differ from control (sports) with similar frequency. In the study, 290 Hungarian university students (234 women, 81%) participated in a 10-weeks study, and the mean age was 21.47 (SD = 1.71) years. Spirituality was measured with the Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure (SHALOM). Well-being was assessed with Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB), WHO Well-Being Index shortened version (WBI-5), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The physical symptoms were measured with the Pennebaker Inventory of Limbic Languidness (PILL). Intra-group changes were tested with Wilcoxon signed ranks tests and between group comparisons with Mann-Whitney U tests. The results showed significant positive intra-group change in yoga group on spirituality (SHALOM) general factor ideal assessment T = 1858.5, z = -2.052, p = .040, d = .22 and experienced assessment T = 2197, z = -2.064, p = .039, d = .22. Among dimensions of spirituality the personal (ideal) T = 959, z = -2.19, p = .029, d = .17 and transcendental (experienced) T = 1097, z = -2.17, p = .030, d = .16 values showed positive effects. In the case of physical symptoms (PILL) the sport group showed negative change T = 10568.5, z = -3.158, p = .002, d = .22, this indicates better health. No other intra-group changes were observed. Between group difference was detectable in spirituality (SHALOM) personal and environmental dimensions during post-test, yoga group with higher level. The sports group showed fewer physical symptoms (PILL) than the yoga group in the pretest and post-test. According to our study, the spiritual well-being of university students increases through the yoga PE classes. The effect of sports PE classes is more pronounced in promoting more favourable physical symptoms. Overall, there is no significant difference between the measured effects of yoga and sports exercise among students. Therefore yoga could be recommended as one of the practices in university PE classes.

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