張瀛太小說中的神話思維－以《熊兒悄聲對我說》為例

《熊兒悄聲對我說》是繼張瀛太兩部短篇小說集之後的第一部長篇小說，內容描述一位部落男孩與大自然和動物之間的奇幻經驗。此部小說結合了作者長期以來經營的「童年敘事」和「異域書寫」策略，創作風格亦承襲以往純真浪漫的筆觸，透過童稚視角做為小說主軸的敘述者，展演出一段深具「童話母題」與「悲劇色彩」的部落神話故事。本文試以性別角度出發，分析女作家書寫童話／神話之生理及心理因素，並深入故事情節脈絡，將小說放置李維史陀（Claude Levi-Strauss）之神話學概念下進行詮釋，探討故事中的小男孩如何透過神祕的祭典儀式，重新取得與大自然對話的機會，並藉由人與熊之間亦敵亦友的矛盾情感，交織出從「原始」過渡「文明」的衝突，因而造成人類與自然難以修復的撕裂悲劇。本文進一步從這場無可避免的悲劇中，反思人類對大自然和動物的宰制和霸行，以及作者如何喻寫神話，延伸對邊緣弱勢族群的關懷，為遠颺童年的鄉愁找到救贖途徑的可能。

關鍵字

張瀛太；異域書寫；神話思維；悲劇

並列摘要

The Bear Is Whispering to Me is Chang Ying-Tai's first novel after her previous two works, consecutive short stories. It is a fantastic story about a 12-year-old boy, a bear, and other natural creatures taking place in the mountains. This novel combines the author's long-term writing strategy of ＂childhood memories＂ and ＂exotic features＂ to create an aboriginal story with the ＂fairy-tale motif＂ and a ＂tragedy topic.＂ Hereinafter, I would proceed to analyze the reason why the female writers intend to write fairy-tales or myths according to both physical and mental issues. Furthermore, I would put the story under Claude Levi-Strauss's theory to discuss how conflicts and misunderstandings resulted in a broken relationship between human beings and nature, as well as how the boy could re-approach the Spirits thorough mysterious rituals and worships. In addition, I would like to extend the viewpoint to examine how people's hegemony and domination over wild animals led to an inevitable tragedy in the novel. This also strengthens the fact of how the author is concerned about the tribal people from the fringe of society, especially their children.