以韋伯的理性化理論探討排球運動發展

Investigation on the Development of Volleyball Sport Based on the Rationalization Theory of Weber

蘇麗婷(Li-Ting Su) ； 吳燕珊(Yen-Shan Wu)

《大專體育學術專刊》 92年度 (上) (2003/06) Pp. 111-119

https://doi.org/10.6695/AUES.200306_92.0012

摘要

二十一世紀媒體市場為運動建立了一個全球性擴展策略，致使運動掀起一股規則、推展計畫的大改革風潮，排球運動也在全球商業化的趨勢下，進行了使組織能朝科學管理及受媒體青睞的排球運動方向發展。馬克思韋伯（Max Weber）認為以獲利為目的的資本主義的經濟活動是具有一種獨特的社會勞動組織所形成，它具有本身動因的價值體系存在，且充斥於不同領域，朝合理的、嚴密計算的方法為手段這方向前進，韋伯將此稱為「理性化」（rationalization）的經濟活動。有鑑於此，本文將以文獻分析法依據韋伯的理性化理論來剖析排球運動發展的理性化過程，研究結果發現排球運動發展具有行使理性化過程，其著重於對理性化的四個特點為手段，當中視規則的修改為最有效率原則來提升各程序的效率化，以抽象的規則體系，去除個人主義色彩使組織運作能達到可控制性，對分數的修訂，量化的要求，以可計算性原則為達到目的的有效手段，並以一種劇本式的互動，作為對選手行為規範的例行公事，以期待對球賽在可預測的情況下的完成。在強調手段的適當性及有效性的排球運動發展的理性化過程中，FIVB期待排球運動能有科學管理的新面貌，及使排球運動在規則的改革後，比賽的運作能更加緊湊、有效率、可控制、專業分工的進行，來增加排球運動的刺激、魅力與商業價值。然而，行使目標的手段是否正確，是否適當，對其理性化發展趨勢所造成的衝擊是不容置疑的，有待我們深入去探討。

關鍵字

排球運動發展 ； 理性化 ； 形式理性化

並列摘要

In the 21st century, the media market has established a globalize expansion strategy for sports and as a result there is an initiation of large reforms in rules and development plan. Under the trend of globalize commercialization, the organization of volleyball sport develops towards the direction of scientific management and acquisition of favors by media. Max Weber recognizes that the economic activity of capitalism based on profit making as the purpose is formed by a kind of unique social labor organization. It possesses the value system in its self-motive and it is present in different areas and is advancing towards the direction of basing on reasonable and stringent calculation method as the means. Weber calls this the economic activity of rationalization.In view of this, this essay will utilize literature analytical method and will base on the rationalization theory of Weber to analyze the rationalization process of volleyball sport development. According to the research result, it is discovered that the development of volleyball sport has the process of implementation of rationalization. It emphasizes on the four characteristics of the rationalization as the means. Amongst these, the revision on rules possesses the most efficient principle to enhance the efficiency of various procedures. The abstract rule system is utilized to remove the color of individualism so that the organization operation can be controlled. For revision on marks and quantified requirements, the principle of the ability to calculate shall be adopted as an effective method to achieve the purpose. In addition, a kind of script interaction is adopted as the routine matter to standardize the behavior of player hoping that the ball game can be achieved under a predictable condition. In the course of emphasizing the applicability of the method and the rationalization of effective volleyball sport development, FIVB hopes that the volleyball can have a new appearance of scientific management. In addition, after the reform on the rules of volleyball sport, the contest operation can be tighter, more efficient, and controllable and can be conducted by means of professional work division in order to increase the stimulation, charisma and commercial value of volleyball sport. However, whether the method of exercising the objective is accurate and whether it is suitable, no doubt it will cause impact on the trend of development of rationalization that requires our in-depth investigation.

並列關鍵字

development of volleyball sport ； rationalization ； form rationalization ； section layer system