逆向思維的新體育教學：理解式教學法（TGFU）

Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU): An Alternative Approach

蔡宗達(Tsung-Ta Tsai) ； 闕月清(Nyit-Chin Keh)

《大專體育學術專刊》 92年度 (上) (2003/06) Pp. 252-261

https://doi.org/10.6695/AUES.200306_92.0026

摘要

理解式教學法（teaching games for understanding，簡稱TGFU）為當今體育教學研究的一股新潮流，目前世界各國運動教育學領域之學者專家正如火如荼地展開探討及研究。本文目的主要藉由文獻探討方法探究理解式教學法研究背景之起源發展、理論架構以及其相關研究發現。（一）起源發展：源自於英國Loughborough大學，其幾位學者Thorpe、Bunker與Almond等發覺，以運動技能為基礎的傳統教學，使學習者對課程產生無趣感，並且也讓教學者失去成就感，而改以透過遊戲比賽方式發展認知、情意取向的理解式教學於是產生。（二）理論架構：係反思傳統從技能學習奠基以「由下而上」形式，逐層學習組合分段技能為基礎之教學，而改強調從簡化遊戲比賽以「由上而下」之形式切入如戰術所需技能之思考理解成為其基本理論架構。（三）研究發現：藉由理解式教學與傳統技能取向教學之比較研究文獻發現，兩教學法於認知、情意與技能方面之比較，大部分呈現無顯著差異，僅部分文獻中呈現「理解式教學」優於傳統教學法，但部分研究中加入比賽表現之變項，於比賽表現之部分類目則顯示出「理解式教學」較傳統教學法佳。

關鍵字

理解式教學法 ； 遊戲比賽 ； 戰術

並列摘要

Teaching games for understanding (TGFU) is the new research interest in physical education. Researcher in sport pedagogy took an active role in the topic of researching TGFU. The purpose of this study was to probe into the source, theories and findings of the TGFU study. (1) The source of TGFU: It was developed by Bunker & Thorpe from the University of Loughborough in U.K They found that the teaching based on skill approach made the learner feel boring and unsuccessful. They changed the way to teach, and the alternative approach was teaching through games to achieve affective and cognitive learning goal. (2) The theories of TGFU: It was rethinking to learn the skill based on ”top-down” from the games form by tactical approach to replace the traditional physical education teaching skills or concepts that based on ”bottom-up” model. The teaching was constructed based on the basis of skill to activities or tactical in games. (3) The findings of the TGFU compared with the other approach: No difference between TGFU and traditional teaching based on technique in affective, psychomotor and cognitive was found, but some studies found that TGFU was better than traditional teaching in some variables of game performance.

並列關鍵字

TGFU ； games ； tactic