葡萄休眠與催芽技術

The Dormancy of Grapevine and Bud Forcing Technique

林嘉興(Jia-Hsing Lin)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 14號 (1988/12) Pp. 189-196

摘要

台灣葡萄栽培受到天然環境的限制，夏季高溫多濕，且採用1年多收栽培方式使休眠深淺產生不規則變化，冬季又無法滿足低溫需求量，生理休眠深度不足而影響萌芽，以致萌芽不整齊，造成管理上的困擾。為解決上述低溫與休眠之問題，國外有許多學者使用生長調節劑催芽，可取代低溫而打破休眠。本省自1976年開始使用2-氯乙醇，具有良好的催芽效果，而被廣泛應用於田間，但該藥劑為劇毒的揮發生物質，容易危害人體健康，且催芽時需配合刻傷處理，增加勞力負擔。為尋求較低毒性的藥劑，楊氏等（1981）以氰氨基化鈣加Merit液肥之混合液塗佈處理，認為可取代2-氯乙醇的催芽效果。繼之，林氏等（1983）以氰胺噴佈枝條，亦可達到理想的催芽效果。上列三種藥劑發展迄今，成為目前應用於葡萄上之催芽劑。

並列摘要

Grape culture in Taiwan is restricted by the high temperature and high humidity in the summer, besides, the multiple cropping model per year induce irregular depth of dormancy. Furthermore, the cold days in the winter can not meet the chilling requirement of the vines, so the buds break ununiformly in the spring. To resolve the problems, many investigators used plant growth regulators that can replace the chilling requirement for bud forcing. In Taiwan, ethylene chlorohydrin was found to force bud break effectively, so it was used in the vineyard since 1976. Whereas, it is harmful to the human health, and it took higher labor in operation. For searching a chemical of low toxicity, smear with calcium cyanamide on the cane was evaluated to replace ethylene chlorohydrin. Recently, it was found that spraying with hydrogen cyanamide also forced buds ideally. The above three chemicals is used for bud forcing in the present.