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台灣鮮食葡萄之生產成本及價格分析

Production Cost and Price Analysis for the Table Grapes in Taiwan

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摘要


本研究之主要目的為(1)探討台灣鮮食葡萄之價格變動;(2)分析台灣鮮食葡萄之生產成本及收益,並估算累積現值,進而求收益成本比。研究結果摘述如下:(一)目前台灣鮮食葡萄之栽培品種為巨峰及義大利,每公頃年平均產量分別為31,298公斤及26,651公斤;粗收益為719,519元及1,129,828元;生產成本為623,413元及633,792元;淨收益為96,106元及496,036元。就巨峰品種而言,地區別之生產成本以台中縣最高,彰化縣最低,淨收益以南投縣最高,台中縣最低;田種別之生產成本以旱田最高,河川地最低,淨收益則以河川地最高,旱田最低;依規模別觀之,除1.50公頃以上組因樣本戶僅1戶,或有偏差外,大抵言之,單位面積產量並無明顯之差異,生產成本隨規模愈大而愈低,粗收益與淨收益則均呈規模愈大而愈高之趨勢。倘依樹齡別觀之,巨峰第1年只投入無收穫,第2至第3年生之年平均產量尚低,仍屬虧損,第4年生以上之年公頃產量已穩定,其後各樹齡別之生產成本約等,收益則無規則可循;義大利品種第1年亦只投入無收穫,第2至第3年生以上則可獲淨益,但樹齡別間之生產成本及收益亦均無規則可循,唯可看出,樹齡在16年生以上者之生產成本最高,收益最低。(二)一般而言,目前巨峰葡萄之生產尚屬有利,但根據本研究結果,民國61~72年間,巨峰葡萄之當年價格雖仍呈上漲趨勢,而實質價格卻已略呈下跌之勢。尤其近年來,無論當件或實質價格均呈明顯下跌現象。據此,進一估算其收益成本比約僅0.86。然就其產地價格之季節指數觀之,月別間差異頗大,其中以10月最高,7月最低,12月次低;義大利葡萄之收益成本比約1.34,較巨峰品種有利。顯見,今後鮮食葡萄之發展,不宜再擴大巨峰品種之栽培,而果農倘能成功的將目前之部分夏果及冬果調節至秋季供果,則巨峰葡萄之生產仍有利可圖。其次,應發展類似義大利品種之歐洲品系或不同果色之品種,以擴大消費市場。此外,果農尤應確立重質不重量的觀念,以迎合市場需求。

關鍵字

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並列摘要


The main objectives of this study were to analyze the price variation of the table grapes in Taiwan, and to analyze the production cost and revenue of the table grapes in Taiwan. Results of the study were as follow: The main table grape verieties in Taiwan were Kyoho and Italia IP65. In this survey, the two varieties were respectively 31.298 kg and 26.651 kg per hectare in average yields; NT$719,519 and 1,129,828 per hectare in gross revenue; NT$623,413 (632,608) and 633,792 (644,653) per hectare in production cost; and NT$96,106 (86,911) and 496,036 (485,175) per hectare in net revenue. Fox Kyoho grape, as compared by locations. Taichung Prefecture was the highest and Changhwa Preceture was the lowest in production cost, and Nantou Prefecture was the highest and Taichung Prefecture was the lowest in net revenue. As compared by landforms, upland field was the highest and river bed was the lowest in production cost, however, river bed had the highest and upland had the lowest net revenue. Generally speaking, Kyoho grape is still profitable. However, according to this study, from 1972 to 1983, although the annual average price rose, the real price declined. Especially in recent years, both current price and real price declined. Therefore, the benefit-cost ratio was only about 0.86. If seasonal index for farm price was analyzed, the price was the highest in October, and the lowest in July, followed by December as the second lowest. Italia IP65, with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.34 was more profitable than Kyono grape. Therefore, for table grapes, kyoho grape shouldn't be increased in acreage, however if the farmers were able to partially adjust the harvesting season from summer and winter to fall, it would be profitable. In addition, some other Europeon varieties similar to Italia IP65 or some varieties with different color should be developed so that the market might be enlarged.

並列關鍵字

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被引用紀錄


李元仁(2016)。農藥使用之價值研究:方法目的鏈應用〔碩士論文,朝陽科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0078-1108201714021967

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