Genic Analysis of Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Rice Plant

水稻花青素之基因分析

謝順景(Sung-Ching Hsieh)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 30號 (1993/06) Pp. 1-19

https://doi.org/10.29563/ZHWHGX.199306.0001

摘要

為分析控制稻體之花青素基因，將台灣稉稻台中65號與來自美國及日本的各種基因標記系統（gene marker strains）雜交，並研究其後代之稃尖色、柱頭色及其稻體部分之著色情形。雜交後代之各種性狀之分離也同時加以調查，並進一步研究控制此等性狀之基因與控制花青素基因間之連鎖關係。稃尖色已知由C、A及P基因所控制，柱頭色屬於稃尖色之下位性（hypostatic）。柱頭色已知由Ps_1及Ps_2兩對基因所控制，Ps_1及Ps_2把由C、A及P三對基因互補作用後所生產之花青素分佈在柱頭上。另外有I_1^(PS)及I_2^(Ps)兩對抑制基因對Ps有抑制作用，而後者與A連鎖在一起。稻體其他部位如護穎、葉鞘、莖節、節間等顏色，已知為稃尖色之下位性（hypostatic）。紅米已知由Rc及Rd兩對基因所控制，而在兩者存在發生互補作用（complementary）之情形下紅色才能出現。紫色則與紅米不同，係由Pp及Pb兩對基因所控制，而Pp及Pb基因則屬於C及A基因之下位性（hypostatic）。Pp為Pb之上位性（epistatic），同時Pp與稃尖色基因之一A基因以5.1~9.4%之距離發生連鎖作用。紫葉之葉片色由P1基因所控制，並把由C^B及A基因所生產的花青素分佈在葉片上。無葉舌基因1g與外穎紫色基因Rp之間，無葉舌基因1g與矮性基因d_9之間，紫葉基因P1與柱頭基因Ps_1之間，Ps_1與石炭酸反應基因Ph之間，Rp與Ps_1之間及Pb與Rp基因之間均有連鎖關係存在，其在連鎖圖（linkage map）上之位置亦確定下來。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 花青素 ； 基因連鎖 ； 基因分析

並列摘要

In order to analyze the genic systems for coloration of various organs and other characters in rice, gene marker strains were crossed with Taichung No. 65, a representative ”Japonica” variety of Taiwan, and other strains, and segregation for apiculus and stigma colorations were investigated. Particular attention was paid to its linkage relations to the anthocyanic pigmentation of various other organs. The anthocyanic coloration of apiculus is found to be controlled by three complementary genes C, A, and P. Their combinations in the used strains were determined based on F_2 segregation ratios. The coloration of stigma is usually hypostatic to that of apiculus. Genes Ps_1 anJ Ps_2 which spread the pigment produced by C, A, and P into stigmas were assumed first. It was assumed further that there were two complementary inhibitors I_1^(Ps) and I_2^(Ps) which suppress the action of Ps, and that the later is linked with A. Genes for colorations in other parts of the plant, i.e. glumes, leaf sheath, node and internode, which were generally hypostatic to apiculus coloration were also surveyed. It was confirmed that red pericarp was controlled by Rc and Rd genes which act in a complementary fashion. Two genes Pp and Pb are concerned with purple pericarp which is hypostatic to C and A and differs from those for red pericarp; Pp is epistatic to Pb, and Pp was found to be closely linked with A, one of apiculus-coloration genes, with a recombination fraction of 5.1~9.4%. The purple coloration of leaf blade is controlled by a modifier Pl which distributes anthocyanic pigment produced by C^B and A. It is completely linked with or synonimous with Pb. Linkages were found between lg (ligulessness) and Rp (modifier for hull coloration), lg and d_9 (dwarf), Pl (purple leaf blade) and Ps_1, (stigma color), Ps_1, and Ph (phenol reaction), Rp and Ps_1, and Pb and Rp genes.

並列關鍵字

rice ； anthocyanin pigment ； linkage ； genic analysis