台灣戒嚴時期的「假新聞」：〈南海血書〉案例

A Fake News of Taiwan's Martial Law Period: Nanhai Blood Letter

邱家宜(Eve Chiu)

《傳播文化與政治》 9期 (2019/06) Pp. 1-30

摘要

1978年12月19日《中央日報》副刊刊載據稱為逃離南越途中罹難難民阮天仇絕筆信的〈南海血書〉，該信事後證明為署名譯者的朱桂所虛構，當時正逢台灣政治反對運動興起，〈南海血書〉問世，透過媒體、學校、機關全面推廣閱讀，「今天不做反共鬥士、明天成為海上難民」成為當時流行的政治宣傳口號。執政者透過「血書」內容，成功將南越陷共與陷共前南越人民對阮文紹政府的反對與抗爭連結在一起，明確影射當時正在迅速發展中的台灣政治反對運動將會導致與南越相同後果，透過民間恐共心理，意欲削弱仍處於萌芽階段之政治反對運動的正當性與社會基礎，力求維持國府政權穩固。針對這個台灣當代新聞史上有名的「假新聞」事件，本論文將從知識社會學角度，探討當年黨國文宣體制的綿密運作，如何運用國內外情勢與社會集體心理焦慮，以虛構的故事為引爆點，操作出掀動整個社會的風潮，塑造成如假包換的「社會真實」。

關鍵字

王昇 ； 朱桂 ； 社會真實 ； 南海血書 ； 假新聞

並列摘要

On Dec. 19th 1978, supplement page of Central Daily News published an article called ＂Nanhai blood letter＂. The article was signed by the named ＂Ruan, Tian-Chou＂ as his last words when dying on a coral reef in South China Sea by its description. The letter has been proven fake and found out was invented by a college teacher named Jhu, Guei of Northern Taiwan. At that time, Taiwan political opposition movement was rising and ＂Nanhai blood letter＂ was promoted on a large scale by media, schools, various institutions for confronting the trend. The popular slogan was ＂Being an anti-communist fighter today, or becoming a refugee at sea tomorrow. Taiwan governors connected Vietnam's falling into communist ruling and Vietnam people's opposition of Ruan Wen-shao regime successfully by ＂Nanhai blood letter＂ and related propaganda. The strategy alluded that rapid development of political opposition movement would lead Taiwan to the same fate of Vietnam. Through the manipulation, KMT governors weaken the legitimacy of political opposition movement which was still in its budding stage and strived to maintain stability of the existing regime by people's fears of communist party. This thesis will focus on the notorious ＂fake news＂ and discuss from the sociology of knowledge perspective. The discussions include how the powerful KMT propaganda machines used collective psychological anxiety and international situations to create a wave throughout Taiwan; how a fictional story became a social reality by being believed to be true.

並列關鍵字

fake news ； Guei Jhu ； Nanhai blood letter ； social reality ； Sheng Wang