帝國之在苗疆－清代湘西的制度、禮儀與族群

The Empire on the Miao Margins: Social Structure, Rituals and Ethnic Groups in Western Hunan in Qing Dynasty

謝曉輝(Xiao-Hui Xie)

《歷史人類學學刊》 11卷1期 (2013/04) Pp. 51-88

摘要

不同於以往的研究，認為清帝國在西南邊疆地區的開發與經營，就是竭力將其「華夏化」的過程，本文通過對湘西北「土蠻」區與湘西南「苗蠻」區的對比研究表明：清帝國在「苗蠻」的治理策略上，並末全力致力於苗區的「華夏化」，而是刻意保持距離與差異，在客觀上維持其「華夏邊緣」的身份。由此進一步討論有清一代，「華夏邊緣」在西南地區推移或維持的機制何在。

關鍵字

湘西 ； 苗疆 ； 族群 ； 改土歸流 ； 華夏邊緣

並列摘要

In contrast to previous research which describes the development of the newly- opened southwestern frontier during the Qing dynasty as a simple story of sinicization, this paper argues that Qing rulers used different policies and strategies to construct imperial rule in the region. By distinguishing two kinds of frontier areas and comparing how the Qing imperial system was constructed in the two areas, this study shows that depending on how and whether the ruling instruments of the Qing government shifted or maintained the imperial frontier, the patterns of incorporation of regions that lay within or beyond the border could be quite different.

並列關鍵字

Western Hunan ； Miao frontier ； ethnic group ； administrative regularization (＂gaitu guiliu＂) ； Chinese borderlands