金龍布傣的信仰與儀式空間－以黎王廟為中心

Belief and Ritual Space of the Budai of Jinlong, Guangxi: On the Temple to King Li

潘豔勤(Yan-Qin Pan)

《歷史人類學學刊》 12卷1期 (2014/04) Pp. 53-71

摘要

本文通過對廣西中越邊境金龍鎮橫村的神聖空間、黎王崇拜和儀式信仰空間的研究來探討中央王朝和地方之間的關係。在橫村布傣的信仰體系中，玉帝是最高神，他授權黎王管理地方的儀式專家；黎王是地方的保護神，村民在傳統的節日祭拜黎王，並於正月十四在黎王廟前舉行（弄下）峒求務儀式，向天神祈求百穀種子、五穀豐登和人丁興旺。在儀式過程中，儀式專家佛公要帶著禮物，經過上界的各個「部門」、拜訪各個神，並在眾神的幫助下完成儀式任務。布傣的信仰空間反映了中華帝國的行政官僚體系，信仰空間的各個「部門」和階序與中央主朝的機構相似，但又呈現鮮明的地方特色。布傣的黎王傳說和宗教信仰體現了歷史上中央王朝與地方之間複雜的征服與臣服的關係。

關鍵字

布傣 ； 神聖空間 ； 儀式空間 ； 黎王 ； 征服與臣服

並列摘要

This paper explores the relationship between the Chinese imperial state and local society through an examination of sacred spaces and rituals of the god King Li among the Budai people of Heng Village in Jinlong Township on the Sino-Vietnamese border in Guangxi. The Jade Emperor is the highest god in the religious system of the Budai; it is on his authority that King Li is put in charge of local religious specialists. King Li is worshiped as a local patron deity. Budai villagers visit his temple on traditional festivals to make offerings. A communal ritual known as Qiuwu is performed at the temple on the fourteenth day of the Chinese Lunar New Year, to pray for a good harvest and prosperity. In this ritual, local religious specialists, Fogong, journey to visit the gods and celestial bureaucratic offices to offer them gifts. The Budai villagers' concepts of religious space thus reflect the Chinese imperial bureaucratic system. Though the ＂departments＂ and the hierarchy of the ritual space of the Budai are similar to the traditional Chinese imperial bureaucratic system, there are still locally distinctive characteristics. The Budai's legends of King Li and their religious system is an expression of the complex historical relationship of conquest and submission between the central government and the local.

並列關鍵字

Budai people ； Sacred Space ； Ritual Space ； King Li ； Conquest and Submission