婚姻移民從事家庭照顧工作之動態：以在台灣之越南與印尼女性配偶為例

Dynamics of Family Carework by Marriage Migrants: The Strategies of Vietnamese and Indonesian Women Spouses in Taiwan

許碧純(Pi-Chun Hsu)

《通識教育與多元文化學報》 4期 (2014/07) Pp. 25-63

摘要

本文主要分析越南與印尼婚姻移民女性的家庭照顧之內涵，家庭照顧與工作的雙重負荷，及其如何運用資源協商家庭照顧與工作的衝突，最後分析在家庭照顧工作之場域，不同行動者之間的互動與權力關係。藉由訪談15位來自越南及印尼的婚姻移民女性及12位婚姻移民女性夫家的親屬，本研究發現婚姻移民女性不論是從事全職家庭照顧，或者家庭照顧與工作兩頭忙，都負擔主要的家庭照顧責任，面對家庭照顧超出負荷，或者家庭照顧與工作兩者無法平衡時，移民女性並非只是被動受壓迫，而是積極主動運用策略以滿足不同之需求。同時，當女人與女人在私領域的照顧工作相遇時，其之間可能是支配與從屬之關係（如「台灣婆婆」與「外籍媳婦」），但亦可能發展出某種程度的平等互動（如「外籍婆婆」與「台灣媳婦」），甚至挑戰並反抗不合理的壓迫（如「台灣大/小姑」與「外籍弟媳/兄嫂」）。本文強調婚姻移民女性可能弱勢，但其仍積極運用能動性與主體性，透過種種策略協商家庭照顧與工作，為自己尋找可能的出路。

關鍵字

照顧工作 ； 再生產勞動 ； 工作與家庭的衝突 ； 婚姻移民 ； 能動性

並列摘要

This Article is aimed at analyzing family carework and the double burden of family carework and paid work of Vietnamese and Indonesian marriage migrants in Taiwan. This paper also explores how different actors interact with each other when they meet at the sphere of family carework. This study is based on the in-depth interviews with 15 Vietnamese and Indonesian marriage migrants and 12 women relatives of their husbands. Marriage migrants, regardless of full-time family caregivers or family caregivers/workers, are responsible for the majority of family carework. The author argues that marriage migrants are not passive victims. They could utilize specific strategies to satisfy the needs of carework and paid work. In addition, when women meet women at the sphere of family carework, those with power tend to control those with less power. For instance, such relationships exist between Taiwanese mothers-in-law and foreign daughters-in-law. It is, however, worth noting that the relation between foreign mothers-in-law and Taiwanese daughters-in-law is an exception. They are in a relatively equal status. Marriage migrants may challenge and resist the unreasonable constraints of their sisters-in-law. The author argues that, though they are disadvantaged, marriage migrants could utilize their agency and subjectivity and use specific strategies to bargain with their family in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

carework ； reproductive labor ； work-family conflict ； marriage migrants ； agency