論存在者與本質作為理性認識的起點──兼論馬凱布對於多瑪斯的詮釋

Being and Essence as Frist Conceived by the Intellect-With an Interpretation of St. Thomas from McCabe

莊佳珣(Chia-Shun Chuang)

《通識教育與多元文化學報》 5期 (2015/07) Pp. 1-20

摘要

十三世紀的大哲學家多瑪斯，在其作品《論存在者與本質》中，指出理性認識的起點是存在者與存在者的本質。本文所要論述的就是這個命題如何成立，並且藉著馬凱布的詮釋，看看如何以分析哲學的思維方法理解這個命題，以及其他相關的命題。我們先釐清多瑪斯的觀點，再呈現馬凱布的詮釋，這樣才能看出馬凱布將多瑪斯哲學「分析哲學」化的分析技巧。用馬凱布的話來說，當多瑪斯指出某物的本質時，已預設了它的存在，換言之，每一物都由它的本質支撐它的存在。這樣的形上觀點，是實在論的看法，肯定實體作為形上學的基本單位，事實上也是最符合常識、和我們的日常語言最相近的看法。

關鍵字

存在者 ； 本質 ； 馬凱布 ； 定義 ； 形式 ； 質料

並列摘要

St. Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274) in his essay ＂Being and Essence＂ assert the intellect first convince is being and essence. We are going to justify his position and seek what the significant of this assert. First of all, we have to analysis the meaning of being and essence, and , since Thomas emphasize the sensitive knowledge is prior than rational knowledge in time, we have consider what he means by the ＂prior＂ of the ＂convince＂ of essence and how it be the same level of the awareness of being. McCabe give an explanation of the question. By means of justifying as the definition, essence must be presumed in order to begin a language game or a thinking activity. We can see the idea is undermined that whenever being is asserted, essence is presumed. For this reason, Aquinas can build his realism. In his realism, everything has its’ own essence belongs of his own kind, and intellect can grasp the essence as the general definition of the species.

並列關鍵字

being ； essence ； McCabe ； definition ； form ； matter