並列摘要
The object of this paper is to show that there is a social aspect of the conception of Buddha in of the doctrine of the Trikāya (Threefold Body) of Buddha, which seems to be of a panentheistic nature. As the Mahāyāna Buddhists had held, there were three bodies of Buddha, Dharmakāya, Nirmāṇakāya, and Sambohogakāya, which represented the eternal, the transformable, and the blissful aspects of Buddha respectively. From this doctrine, the well-received doctrine in Chinese Buddhism that ＂Buddha is related to (or as) all sentients and all sentients are related to (or as) Buddha＂ had been developed. This in turn gave rise the notion of the mutual immanence of Buddha and all sentients which was well expounded by Huayan (Flower Garland) Master Cheng Guan. All this development evidently reveals the prominent social character of Buddha, which, in terms of an all-embracing relationship of a Supreme Being to human beings, entails a highly philosophical and humanistic significance. And it could well be claimed that the force of Buddhism as an unceasing inspiration for human endeavors to achieve the highest spiritual level may have its source in this ideal sociality.
延伸閱讀
- 楊郁文（1997）。佛法的人間性與現實性。中華佛學學報，(10)，146-172。https://doi.org/10.6986/CHBJ.199707.0146
- 黃國清（2018）。人間佛教與道德領導。人間佛教學報藝文，(15)，90-115。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20180314001-201805-201807090005-201807090005-90-115
- 李四龍（2014）。化成天下的人間佛教。載於佛光山人間佛教研究院（主編），輯一【二○一四。人間佛教高峰論壇】人間佛教開放（頁103-110）。佛光山人間佛教研究院。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20180403002-201408-201804030006-201804030006-103-110
- 李向平（2017）。人間佛教的神聖性與社會性—以星雲大師的佛教思想為中心。人間佛教學報藝文，(8)，12-33。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20180314001-201703-201803140018-201803140018-12-33
- 王順民（1998）。The Vision and the Image of the Humanistic Buddhism: the Dialogue Between the Buddhism and Social Welfare。中華佛學學報，(11)，227-253。https://doi.org/10.6986/CHBJ.199807.0223