現代性與禪宗研究史──禪史敘事與方法論的典範論諍

Modernity and Academic History of Chan Studies: Debates over Paradigms in the Narratives and Methodologies within Chan History

林悟石(Wu-Shi Lin)

《中華佛學研究》 14期 (2013/12) Pp. 199-235

摘要

本文旨在回顧近80年來，胡適所揭起的禪史敘事及其方法論的論辯──一場擴及中、日、臺、歐、美以及臺灣教界的論辯。隨著一系列的論諍逐漸醞釀，以日本學界為交界而分成兩大支線，一線是東亞，一線是歐、美、日。東亞方面，日、臺、港三地的教、學兩界皆投入其中，在1969年代激盪出一場盛況空前的筆戰與論辯。這場辯論大會，最後以1971年印順法師的禪史巨作──《中國禪宗史》──作結。歐、美、日方面，1953年以胡適與鈴木大拙的辯論為導火線，引發西方學界對禪宗研究的方法論問題的注意並全面性的展開重新檢討。尤其是John R. McRae與Bernard Faure開展柳田聖山的進路，而有了更進一步的成果。從這其中，對教界而言可視為一個現代化的過渡，對學界而言則是一個禪學學術史的進程。從更大的脈絡來看，是現代主義對傳統宗教的衝擊之縮影，以及後現代主義的一個研究轉向的一個案例。另外，以後殖民主義的角度審視之，自印順法師後，漢語學界的禪學研究長期孤立於歐、美、日國際學界之外。目前中國大陸學界已然正視此問題，臺灣是否也跟進此趨勢，將為臺灣的禪學研究之未來帶來重大的影響。而跟進的同時，其實也伴隨著一些困局與隱憂。因此，如何建立漢語學界的本土性、主體性的禪學研究進路或成果，將是一大課題。

關鍵字

胡適 ； 學術史 ； 現代性 ； 方法論 ； 禪宗研究

並列摘要

This paper focus on the debates over narratives and methodologies within Chan history caused by Hushi (1891-1962) from eighty years ago and extended to China, Japan, Taiwan, Europe and the U.S.. This issue separates them into two sides for argumentation. In one side there was East Asian; the other side included Japan, Europe and the U.S., and Japanese scholars were the demarcation. At first, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong's scholarly and religious societies both joined this issue, and inspired a very grant discussion. It ended in 1971, because of the publishing of History of Chinese Chan School written by Ven. Yinshun. In 1950s, the argument between Hushi and D. T. Suzuki (1870-1966) were triggered. Their discussion caused attentions among western scholars and made for the introspection about the problem of methodology of Chan Studies. Furthermore, John R. McRae and Bernard Faure developed Yanagida Seizan's (1922-2006) approach and got some more achievements. It was a process of modernization for Buddhist societies, and an academic history for scholarly societies. Contextually, it was an epitome of impact between modernism and traditional religion, and a case of post-modernism shift. Form the viewpoint of post-colonialism, moreover, after Ven. Yinshun, Chinese scholarly societies had found themselves in an isolated position, being secluded from international research. China have faced and tried to deal with this problem. How about Taiwan? Furthermore, when we follow this trend, certain concerns and worries accompany as well. Therefore, it will be a very important question: how to establish Chinese scholarly societies' localized and subjectivistic approach or achievements?

並列關鍵字

Hushi ； Academic History ； Modernity ； Methodology ； Chan Studies

參考文獻

釋聖嚴(1990)。六祖壇經的思想。中華佛學學報。3，149-164。

邱敏捷(2006)。從達摩禪到慧能禪的演變─印順與胡適及鈴木大拙相關研究觀點之比較。玄奘佛學研究。5，51-80。

龔雋(2012)。鈴木大拙與東亞大乘觀念的確立─從英譯《大乘起信論》（1900年）到《大乘佛教綱要》（1907 年）。臺大佛學研究。23，77-120。

()。

()。