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對於發炎性腸道疾病懷孕婦女的治療與建議

摘要


發炎性腸道疾病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD)是兩種慢性腸道發炎疾病的統稱,包含潰瘍性結腸炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)及克隆氏症(Crohn's disease, CD),其機轉尚未完全釐清,雖然先前有基因經研究證實和IBD有關,目前仍認為免疫系統失調造成腸道微環境的變化才是導致IBD的主要因素,包含飲食抽菸等等。IBD患者的生育能力和一般婦女沒有不同,然而當患者為活動性疾病期時有較高的早產或流產風險,因此建議在疾病緩解期受孕,必要的時候採取適當避孕措施,由於IBD患者靜脈血栓風險比一般人高,子宮內避孕器是比賀爾蒙避孕藥物更適當的選擇,懷孕期間除了營養補充包含維生素及葉酸、監測疾病活動度及監測血清藥物濃度以達到疾病控制,目前大部分藥物對IBD懷孕婦女相對安全,除了部分小分子藥物因臨床研究稀少須斟酌使用,生物製劑(biologics)需於分娩前調整劑量以降低藥物穿過胎盤的濃度,懷孕期間若疾病復發需利用影像、內視鏡或手術來協助診斷,並調整用藥,分娩時除非先前有過直腸陰道瘻管(rectovaginal fistula))或迴腸儲袋肛管吻合術(ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, IPAA)可能需選擇剖腹產,一般來說,大多數情況下都能順利自然產。

參考文獻


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