永遠的異鄉客？公民身份差序與中國農民工階級

吳介民

doi:10.6676/TS.2011.21.51

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P51 - 99

Social Sciences > Sociology

DOI： 10.6676/TS

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永遠的異鄉客？公民身份差序與中國農民工階級

Strangers Forever? Differential Citizenship and China's Rural Migrant Workers

吳介民(Jieh-Min Wu)

台灣社會學； 21期 (2011 / 06 / 01) ， P51 - 99

繁體中文 DOI： 10.6676/TS.2011.21.51

公民身分差序；資本主義；階級；城鄉二元體制；農民工； differential citizenship ； capitalism ； class ； rural-urban dualism ； rural migrant workers

Abstract │ Reference (65) │ Times Cited (13) │ Altmetrics

Abstract 〈TOP〉

Parallel Abstract 〈TOP〉

The paper explores the interrelationships among capitalist industrialization, domestic migration, and the inequality of citizen rights. The concept of differential citizenship (gongmin shenfen chaxu) is defined and used to explain the discriminatory treatment of rural migrant workers, especially in the sphere of social welfare. Situated within the Chinese style of capitalist development, migrant laborers suffered a double exploitation in terms of economic class relation and citizen status. The migrant working class was created by a dual process of restructuring the division of labor in world production and massive population movement in the post-Mao epoch. The disadvantaged status of migrant workers originated in the rural-urban divide and the household registration (hukou) system during Mao's time. Rural-urban dualism, retooled during post-Mao's ＂open reform,＂ was utilized by migrant-receiving cities to exclude the ＂population from outside＂ from enjoying urban public goods. In recent years, as social and economic inequalities became aggravated, the central government adopted new policies and demanded that local governments improve migrants' working and living conditions, but as a consequence, a new form of urban protectionism arose in response to central reform policies, and it has further institutionalized the exploitative mechanism. This paper unravels the subtle configuration of urban protectionism by focusing on the institutionalized exclusionary devices employed on migrants. Particularly, local governments of the major East-coast cities ostensibly incorporated migrants into the urban citizenship regime, but in effect relocated them into a position of inferior citizenship; a strategy of ＂incorporate-to-discriminate＂ thus emerged. The ＂problem of migrant workers＂ leads us to the issue of transitioning to a market economy in a post-socialist nation. The author adopts a comparativehistorical perspective on modern citizenship development and points out that how the differential citizenship regime has helped forge the Chinese migrant working class.

Reference ( 65 ) 〈TOP〉

吳介民(2000)。壓榨人性空間：身分差序與中國式多重剝削。台灣社會研究季刊，39，1-44。
連結：
林宗弘(2007)。城市中國的無產化：中國城鎮居民階級結構的轉型與社會不平等，1979-2003。台灣社會學，14，101-153。
連結：
施世駿(2009)。社會保障的地域化：中國社會公民權的空間政治轉型。台灣社會學，18，43-93。
連結：
黃德北(2006)。資本原始積累與中國大陸的農民工。台灣社會研究季刊，61，109-147。
連結：
World Bank, Gini Index (2005) http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/countries/1W? display=default

Times Cited ( 13 ) 〈TOP〉

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