兒童博物館的「展示韌體系統」：境教空間學習場域規劃設計策略初探

Exhibition Firmware System for Children's Museums: Pilot Study on Planning and Design Strategy for Learning Spaces

張世宗(Shih-Tsung Chang)

《博物館學季刊》 23卷2期 (2009/04) Pp. 99-113+115

https://doi.org/10.6686/MuseQ.200904_23(2).0006

摘要

兒童博物館的設置，是新世紀來臨在臺灣博物館發展或社會教育發展上的一項新興課題。雖然大衆對於設置這種機構都有相當的共識，但對於此項議題之功能、目的與意義，以及執行策略方法之瞭解，卻少見有人探討。觀察目前博物館教育的設計個案，我們發現缺乏事前的功能性規劃，常會引發事後經營面的困擾和挫折。尤其是社區型的兒童博物館，此乃為一群特殊學習者所設立的特殊學習場域，其對常態性、經常性的換展之功能規劃，不但必要而且是兒童博物館能否永續經營和整個計畫成敗的重要因素。然而在有限的空間、預算、人才等資源條件限制下，如何達到經常換展的要求，對主事者而言，確是一大挑戰。本文從兒童博物館之作為一境教空間與學習場域的理論探討出發，分析主要訪客觀衆群－兒童的學習特質，以及對兒童博物館設計前的展示功能與需求規劃之要求，提出一項「展示韌體系統」的設計策略，並以作者在國內已完成的實施案例作為說明。藉此，一方面可解決上述常態性換展功能之建議策略；另一方面也提供未來兒童博物館或兒童美術館的設計者，於設計的前置作業－功能性規劃，能有一種可行的參考解決模式。

關鍵字

兒童博物館教育 ； 展示設計 ； 展示韌體系統

並列摘要

The building and development of children's museums are a new trend in Taiwan's museum and social education development in this century. The public may have a common consensus on the need to establish such institutions, however, there has been relatively little discussion as to the functions, purposes, and meanings of children's museums, as well as to their design, planning and administrative strategy. From an analysis of recent museum education design projects, it is clear that there is a lack of advance function planning which leads to difficulties and frustration for management. For example, in the case of community-type children's museums, a learning space is required for special needs children. A function plan for permanent and changing exhibits before the design of the museum space is not only necessary but is also a main factor in the sustainable development of the museum and is a key point in the success or failure of the overall museum plan. Under the constraints of limited space, budget, and human resources, meeting the needs for ever-changing exhibits becomes a tough challenge for designers and curators. This article begins with a discussion of the theory of learning spaces and continues with an analysis of the learning characteristics of children as the target audience. Finally, it offers a design strategy, ＂display firmware system＂, based on completed projects in Taiwan. On the one hand, this study solves the above-mentioned function problems of permanent and changing exhibits. On the other hand, it offers a useful reference model for designers in the functional planning of children's museums and children's art museums.

並列關鍵字

children's museum education ； exhibition design ； exhibition firmware system

參考文獻

Baroody, A. J.(1987).Children's Mathematical Thinking.New York:Teachers College.

Baroody, A. J.(1987).Children's Mathematical Thinking.New York:Teachers College.

Chang, Shih-Tsung(1987).Learning through PLAY: The Development and Design of the PL-A-Y Module Project for Children's Museum Education.U.M.I..

Chang, Shih-Tsung(1987).Learning through PLAY: The Development and Design of the PL-A-Y Module Project for Children's Museum Education.U.M.I..

Cleaver, J.(1988).Doing Children's Museum: A Guide to 225 Hands-on Museums.Charlotte, VT:Williamson.