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誰的攝影藝術？建構視障觀眾多感官影像詮釋之無障礙科技展示方法
Whose Photography Art? Development of Image Interpretative Methods and Accessible Displays for the Visually Impaired and Blind
摘要
本研究從文化平權觀點探討藝術多樣性詮釋及無障礙展示手法，如何以身心障礙者之需求思考社會文化所能提供藝術資源的限制，提供視覺障礙觀眾的非視覺感官資訊來源，理解平面圖像內容訊息與文化意涵。本文以國立臺灣美術館於2017年所策劃之「時．光．機：從古典到當代攝影藝術教育展」為「詮釋型展示」個案研究，從無障礙展示設計觀點分析該教育展覽如何透過多元感官詮釋的展示手法，提昇視障觀眾對於攝影作品的理解。研究結果發現，該展將20張攝影作品之視覺資訊透過文字與點字轉譯、口述影像語音，將視覺轉為聽覺與觸覺的文字訊息。另，平面影像改為浮雕、半立體與全立體形式，依多樣性內容設計15幅觸覺圖，並運用3D列印技術製作3幅模型，加上色彩及互動以提昇視障觀眾對於藝術家拍攝情境的感受與想像。而展覽製作點字雙視觸覺語音立體地圖，結合微定位技術應用程式，提供視障觀眾透過觸摸與定向資訊進行自主導覽。同時，統計6位獨自到館參觀展覽視障觀眾所提供給筆者的正向參觀經驗回饋，可見無障礙科技的多元感官展示手法符合各種獲取資訊習慣需求，以獲得正確展覽資訊。因此，該展從視障觀眾的實際參觀需求為展示設計基礎，提供語音資訊、互動設計、3D列印模型，增加視障觀眾對於攝影作品的理解，從視覺影像內容透過各種感官訊息轉譯與再現，結合創新科技與技術，讓美術館超越視覺欣賞影像藝術的可能性，創造多元感官文化詮釋與溝通的多樣性。
並列摘要
The aim of this study is to investigate diverse interpretative and accessible display methods that incorporate various technologies to respond to the rights of persons with disabilities to participate in social and cultural activities. The focus of this study is on how the visually impaired or blind understand 2D image content. The ＂Moment, Light, Camera: From Classical to Contemporary Photography Educational Exhibition＂, held at the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts in 2017, serves as a case study. Twenty photography works were interpreted using literal statements, Braille text, audio descriptions, and large print. In addition, 15 raised-line thermal printed images were developed, in addition to three 3D printed models with color information, textures and interactive devices, to highlight the perceptions and imagination of the photographers. A tactile and audio 3D map of the space was installed at the entrance to the exhibition with micro-orientation application for autonomous visits by the visually impaired using smart mobile devices. From feedback obtained from six visually impaired visitors, photography displays incorporating multisensory interpretations and accessible technologies met their needs in terms of how they obtain information and enabled them to receive the correct ideas and concepts. Therefore, audio descriptions, interactive devices, tactile materials, 3D printed models, and technology can promote spatial cognition and image comprehension among the visually impaired. The results of this study can serve as a reference for the development of accessible displays and innovative image interpretative methods in museums.